{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382603213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605047","title":"Malware Finances and Operations: a Data-Driven Study of the Value Chain for Infections and Compromised Access","display_name":"Malware Finances and Operations: a Data-Driven Study of the Value Chain for Infections and Compromised Access","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382603213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600160.3605047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605047","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605047","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605047","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024596776","display_name":"Juha Nurmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-9027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Nurmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-9027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102855612","display_name":"Mikko Niemel\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-5235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167080","display_name":"International House","ror":"https://ror.org/05v4f3f05","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167080"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Niemel\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Intelligence House, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-5235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Intelligence House, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167080"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079035785","display_name":"Billy Bob Brumley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-0463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billy Bob Brumley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-0463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5067,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90957149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8944442272186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.680189847946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5867931842803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-chain","display_name":"Value chain","score":0.5345073938369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication","display_name":"Publication","score":0.5343944430351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5305168032646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.4771418273448944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3434154987335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3326757550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.21795478463172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.10975608229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09323975443840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.09274977445602417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8944442272186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.680189847946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5867931842803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107666737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646107","display_name":"Value chain","level":3,"score":0.5345073938369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.5343944430351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5305168032646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4771418273448944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3434154987335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3326757550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.21795478463172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.10975608229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09323975443840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.09274977445602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600160.3605047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605047","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605047","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.15726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15726","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.15726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/205533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/205533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3600160.3605047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605047","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3600160.3605047","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1635010105","display_name":"SECURE PLATFORM FOR ICT SYSTEMS ROOTED AT THE SILICON MANUFACTURING PROCESS","funder_award_id":"952622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3957910971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"804476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4808798723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"825355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6844538532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"804476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338453","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338453","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382603213.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382603213.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656972705","https://openalex.org/W1638793211","https://openalex.org/W1956767865","https://openalex.org/W2047181172","https://openalex.org/W2048465382","https://openalex.org/W2054093027","https://openalex.org/W2085984130","https://openalex.org/W2113341218","https://openalex.org/W2122551442","https://openalex.org/W2131523719","https://openalex.org/W2134385885","https://openalex.org/W2167671111","https://openalex.org/W2283589440","https://openalex.org/W2344840125","https://openalex.org/W2345616836","https://openalex.org/W2550183133","https://openalex.org/W2625313884","https://openalex.org/W2678283066","https://openalex.org/W2694767641","https://openalex.org/W2798110387","https://openalex.org/W2860610442","https://openalex.org/W2889412429","https://openalex.org/W2891270452","https://openalex.org/W2906427285","https://openalex.org/W2912802756","https://openalex.org/W2957698615","https://openalex.org/W3011893736","https://openalex.org/W3019842058","https://openalex.org/W3046145382","https://openalex.org/W3084102164","https://openalex.org/W3093511169","https://openalex.org/W3094491574","https://openalex.org/W3101360328","https://openalex.org/W3111894367","https://openalex.org/W3210139582","https://openalex.org/W4283712197","https://openalex.org/W4300783125","https://openalex.org/W4323571887","https://openalex.org/W7139033639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2365984133","https://openalex.org/W2387364400","https://openalex.org/W2393433617","https://openalex.org/W2374487815","https://openalex.org/W2373554160","https://openalex.org/W4392961622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,19],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,21,28,31,38,43],"criminal":[3],"market":[4],"dynamics":[5],"of":[6],"infostealer":[7],"malware":[8,15],"and":[9,17,33,36],"publish":[10],"three":[11],"evidence":[12],"datasets":[13],"on":[14],"infections":[16],"trade.":[18],"justify":[20],"value":[22,39],"chain":[23,40],"between":[24],"illicit":[25],"enterprises":[26],"using":[27],"datasets,":[29],"compare":[30],"prices":[32],"added":[34],"value,":[35],"use":[37],"to":[41],"identify":[42],"most":[44],"effective":[45],"countermeasures.":[46]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2023-06-30T00:00:00"}
