{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383213665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597512.3599718","title":"Safety engineering, role responsibility and lessons from the Uber ATG Tempe Accident","display_name":"Safety engineering, role responsibility and lessons from the Uber ATG Tempe Accident","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383213665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597512.3599718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3597512.3599718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597512.3599718","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/201857/1/TAS_23_paper_9381_version_3_accepted.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070487058","display_name":"Philippa Conmy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-5207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philippa Ryan Conmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-5207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025927902","display_name":"John McDermid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Mcdermid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-4272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017840476","display_name":"Ibrahim Habli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-8238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Habli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-8238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069917281","display_name":"Zo\u00eb Porter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-3288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoe Porter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-3288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070487058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73428332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.6606274843215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-assurance","display_name":"Safety assurance","score":0.6428424715995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accident","display_name":"Accident (philosophy)","score":0.6175416707992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-safety","display_name":"System safety","score":0.5470706224441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-risk","display_name":"Residual risk","score":0.4437110722064972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-responsibility","display_name":"Moral responsibility","score":0.4288226366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3809937536716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3805570602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3119334578514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17638173699378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.1578296422958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08356425166130066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6606274843215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10566551","display_name":"Safety assurance","level":2,"score":0.6428424715995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424630","display_name":"Accident (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6175416707992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.5470706224441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152163801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146057","display_name":"Residual risk","level":2,"score":0.4437110722064972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111476811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5190255","display_name":"Moral responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4288226366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3809937536716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3805570602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3119334578514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17638173699378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.1578296422958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08356425166130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3597512.3599718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597512.3599718","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:201857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-5207>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/201857/1/TAS_23_paper_9381_version_3_accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:201857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-5207>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/201857/1/TAS_23_paper_9381_version_3_accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8300432693","display_name":"Assuring Responsibility for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/W011239/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383213665.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383213665.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591589697","https://openalex.org/W2017558343","https://openalex.org/W2728971536","https://openalex.org/W2763200896","https://openalex.org/W2792197587","https://openalex.org/W2987375645","https://openalex.org/W3034753138","https://openalex.org/W3215206150","https://openalex.org/W4221138494","https://openalex.org/W4233535930","https://openalex.org/W4239359318","https://openalex.org/W4243614663","https://openalex.org/W4293333624","https://openalex.org/W4296686121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970989156","https://openalex.org/W2744196033","https://openalex.org/W2901393860","https://openalex.org/W572246124","https://openalex.org/W1511207333","https://openalex.org/W138079862","https://openalex.org/W2073081141","https://openalex.org/W2016459326","https://openalex.org/W4389054557","https://openalex.org/W2227035220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety":[0],"critical":[1,38],"autonomous":[2],"systems":[3,39],"(SCAS)":[4],"require":[5],"a":[6,67,77,109,140,176],"safety":[7,37,74,147,167,181,197],"assurance":[8],"case":[9],"(SAC)":[10],"to":[11,19,91,98,123,131],"justify":[12],"why":[13],"they":[14],"are":[15,151],"considered":[16],"acceptably":[17],"safe":[18],"use,":[20],"despite":[21],"the":[22,48,156,188],"residual":[23],"risk":[24,30,49],"associated":[25],"with":[26,153,193],"their":[27],"operation.":[28,42,127],"Reducing":[29],"is":[31,50,185],"an":[32,72,85,154,194],"overarching":[33],"principle":[34],"of":[35,111,115],"all":[36,172],"development":[40],"and":[41,52,63,100,120,126,143],"The":[43],"SAC":[44],"should":[45],"demonstrate":[46],"that":[47,165,178],"tolerable":[51],"has":[53],"been":[54],"reduced":[55],"as":[56,58],"far":[57],"possible,":[59],"through":[60],"robust":[61],"design":[62],"operational":[64,82],"controls.":[65],"As":[66],"SCAS":[68,124],"may":[69,88,169],"not":[70,170],"have":[71,76],"operator,":[73],"engineers":[75],"more":[78],"direct":[79],"responsibility":[80,116,136],"for":[81,103,187],"decisions.":[83,105],"Following":[84],"accident":[86,161],"it":[87],"be":[89],"useful":[90],"understand":[92],"which":[93],"engineering":[94,125],"decisions":[95],"causally":[96],"contributed":[97],"it,":[99],"roles":[101],"responsible":[102],"those":[104],"This":[106,183],"paper":[107,184],"contains":[108],"review":[110],"how":[112,133],"different":[113],"senses":[114],"(role,":[117],"moral,":[118],"legal":[119],"causal)":[121],"apply":[122],"We":[128,163],"use":[129],"this":[130],"illustrate":[132],"considering":[134],"role":[135,173],"can":[137],"help":[138],"support":[139],"defensible":[141],"SAC,":[142],"potentially":[144],"improve":[145],"system":[146],"practice.":[148],"Our":[149],"findings":[150],"illustrated":[152],"analysis":[155],"Uber/Tempe":[157],"Arizona":[158],"fatal":[159],"collision":[160],"report.":[162],"found":[164],"existing":[166],"practice":[168],"identify":[171],"responsibilities":[174],"in":[175],"way":[177],"supports":[179],"causal":[180],"analysis.":[182],"intended":[186],"whole":[189],"TAS":[190],"community,":[191],"but":[192],"emphasis":[195],"on":[196],"professionals.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
