{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394745748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597503.3639213","title":"SCVHunter: Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Based on Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network","display_name":"SCVHunter: Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Based on Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394745748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597503.3639213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3597503.3639213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597503.3639213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101542730","display_name":"Luo Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4594-0394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4594-0394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031698880","display_name":"Ruijie Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9250-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruijie Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9250-6095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443178","display_name":"Ting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-8331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095377057","display_name":"Ao Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5131-8114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5131-8114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019899373","display_name":"Zheyuan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-1046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyuan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-1046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055604718","display_name":"Shuwei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-0950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-0950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060117799","display_name":"Yu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-503X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua university, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-503X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua university, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047982104","display_name":"Sixing Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sixing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9802-3954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.3798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99618157,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8140032887458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6792649030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency-graph","display_name":"Dependency graph","score":0.6059443354606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.5606926679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.5586190819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5530692338943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5125436782836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5013983249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4982740879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensibility","display_name":"Extensibility","score":0.4214455485343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24835824966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2438560426235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13558968901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09392929077148438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8140032887458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6792649030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16311509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4148050","display_name":"Dependency graph","level":3,"score":0.6059443354606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5606926679611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5586190819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5530692338943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5125436782836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5013983249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4982740879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.4214455485343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24835824966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2438560426235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13558968901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09392929077148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3597503.3639213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3597503.3639213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2598128442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72304121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3152206171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2332004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G572481615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W2010452422","https://openalex.org/W2104518905","https://openalex.org/W2128963089","https://openalex.org/W2293634267","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2788841915","https://openalex.org/W2790202156","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2805827286","https://openalex.org/W2808452017","https://openalex.org/W2846896781","https://openalex.org/W2911286998","https://openalex.org/W2968269657","https://openalex.org/W2970809537","https://openalex.org/W2982275082","https://openalex.org/W2987160260","https://openalex.org/W3003036212","https://openalex.org/W3005065812","https://openalex.org/W3007045600","https://openalex.org/W3015405072","https://openalex.org/W3026203297","https://openalex.org/W3034459010","https://openalex.org/W3035733952","https://openalex.org/W3041037634","https://openalex.org/W3043576244","https://openalex.org/W3083471387","https://openalex.org/W3098149161","https://openalex.org/W3104720502","https://openalex.org/W3105187050","https://openalex.org/W3106007553","https://openalex.org/W3110705828","https://openalex.org/W3122543528","https://openalex.org/W3128745440","https://openalex.org/W3155016995","https://openalex.org/W3160746813","https://openalex.org/W3165214486","https://openalex.org/W3175005086","https://openalex.org/W3175191348","https://openalex.org/W3182763642","https://openalex.org/W3193367200","https://openalex.org/W3194459061","https://openalex.org/W3200977906","https://openalex.org/W3201009470","https://openalex.org/W3201673073","https://openalex.org/W3214421193","https://openalex.org/W4211181447","https://openalex.org/W4214700769","https://openalex.org/W4226051393","https://openalex.org/W4285490458","https://openalex.org/W4290996372","https://openalex.org/W4293452506","https://openalex.org/W4293782919","https://openalex.org/W4296871470","https://openalex.org/W4306931660","https://openalex.org/W4317851174","https://openalex.org/W4352981584","https://openalex.org/W4384302865","https://openalex.org/W4385080392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327631927","https://openalex.org/W2093568763","https://openalex.org/W1985166372","https://openalex.org/W2003096546","https://openalex.org/W2430210575","https://openalex.org/W4289354592","https://openalex.org/W2099112646","https://openalex.org/W2165069859","https://openalex.org/W2112258778","https://openalex.org/W2626477053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"contracts":[1],"are":[2,25],"integral":[3],"to":[4,29,31,96,113,122],"blockchain's":[5],"growth,":[6],"but":[7],"their":[8],"vulnerabilities":[9],"pose":[10],"a":[11,66,77,83,110],"significant":[12],"threat.":[13],"Traditional":[14],"vulnerability":[15,44,61,78],"detection":[16,45,79],"methods":[17],"rely":[18],"heavily":[19],"on":[20,73,82,127],"expert-defined":[21],"complex":[22],"rules":[23],"that":[24],"labor-intensive":[26],"and":[27,76,134,149],"dificult":[28],"adapt":[30],"the":[32,104,115],"explosive":[33],"expansion":[34],"of":[35,41,118,145],"smart":[36,59,89],"contracts.":[37,90],"Some":[38],"recent":[39],"studies":[40],"neural":[42],"network-based":[43],"also":[46],"have":[47],"room":[48],"for":[49,58,88,151],"improvement.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"SCVHunter,":[54],"an":[55],"extensible":[56],"framework":[57],"contract":[60],"detection.":[62],"Specifically,":[63],"SCVHunter":[64,93,126],"designs":[65],"heterogeneous":[67,84],"semantic":[68],"graph":[69,85],"construction":[70],"phase":[71,80],"based":[72,81],"intermediate":[74],"representations":[75],"attention":[86],"network":[87],"In":[91],"particular,":[92],"allows":[94],"users":[95],"freely":[97],"point":[98],"out":[99],"more":[100,119],"important":[101],"nodes":[102],"in":[103,109],"graph,":[105],"leveraging":[106],"expert":[107],"knowledge":[108],"simpler":[111],"way":[112],"aid":[114],"automatic":[116],"capture":[117],"information":[120],"related":[121],"vulnerabilities.":[123,138],"We":[124],"tested":[125],"reentrancy,":[128],"block":[129],"info":[130],"dependency,":[131],"nested":[132],"call,":[133],"transaction":[135],"state":[136],"dependency":[137],"Results":[139],"show":[140],"remarkable":[141],"performance,":[142],"with":[143],"accuracies":[144],"93.72%,":[146],"91.07%,":[147],"85.41%,":[148],"87.37%":[150],"these":[152],"vulnerabilities,":[153],"surpassing":[154],"previous":[155],"methods.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T07:52:08.696243","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
