{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386900670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3596671.3598572","title":"Rebalancing Worker Initiative and AI Initiative in Future Work: Four Task Dimensions","display_name":"Rebalancing Worker Initiative and AI Initiative in Future Work: Four Task Dimensions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386900670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3596671.3598572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3596671.3598572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3596671.3598572","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3596671.3598572","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3596671.3598572","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063132352","display_name":"Jessica He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-0099"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica He","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-0099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076670713","display_name":"David Piorkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-4902"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Piorkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-4902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026028381","display_name":"Michael M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-163X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-163X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067037429","display_name":"Kristina Brimijoin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-9567"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Brimijoin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-9567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074805097","display_name":"Stephanie Houde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-2183"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Houde","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-2183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011883289","display_name":"Justin D. Weisz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-2398"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Weisz","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-2398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.9451056122779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.8078819513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.7935381531715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6919553279876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6558164358139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6458723545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.6384767293930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5405387878417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5008759498596191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.4634779393672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-design","display_name":"Job design","score":0.41593918204307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.408366858959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18571200966835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16325008869171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1197999119758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.08208346366882324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.9451056122779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.8078819513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7935381531715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6919553279876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6558164358139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6458723545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.6384767293930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5405387878417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5008759498596191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4634779393672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139140526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034614","display_name":"Job design","level":4,"score":0.41593918204307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.408366858959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18571200966835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16325008869171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1197999119758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.08208346366882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3596671.3598572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3596671.3598572","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3596671.3598572","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3596671.3598572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3596671.3598572","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3596671.3598572","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386900670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386900670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965783989","https://openalex.org/W1979657515","https://openalex.org/W1981095088","https://openalex.org/W1981207285","https://openalex.org/W1994213885","https://openalex.org/W2003220541","https://openalex.org/W2006384691","https://openalex.org/W2008025857","https://openalex.org/W2010026208","https://openalex.org/W2010059328","https://openalex.org/W2026669942","https://openalex.org/W2036625316","https://openalex.org/W2038451995","https://openalex.org/W2041119948","https://openalex.org/W2043304263","https://openalex.org/W2045656409","https://openalex.org/W2059216172","https://openalex.org/W2062646298","https://openalex.org/W2069545348","https://openalex.org/W2073928148","https://openalex.org/W2075599425","https://openalex.org/W2081810151","https://openalex.org/W2082253176","https://openalex.org/W2089116680","https://openalex.org/W2095006317","https://openalex.org/W2096418111","https://openalex.org/W2097127516","https://openalex.org/W2098118517","https://openalex.org/W2113892988","https://openalex.org/W2116393896","https://openalex.org/W2120076005","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2132991078","https://openalex.org/W2145626381","https://openalex.org/W2147554562","https://openalex.org/W2154424391","https://openalex.org/W2154729154","https://openalex.org/W2165990684","https://openalex.org/W2193561575","https://openalex.org/W2288290312","https://openalex.org/W2337778256","https://openalex.org/W2339955350","https://openalex.org/W2396614874","https://openalex.org/W2405187948","https://openalex.org/W2495526613","https://openalex.org/W2532267952","https://openalex.org/W2602196754","https://openalex.org/W2602896535","https://openalex.org/W2611049140","https://openalex.org/W2621794495","https://openalex.org/W2752401817","https://openalex.org/W2794258710","https://openalex.org/W2888605920","https://openalex.org/W2893302768","https://openalex.org/W2908285010","https://openalex.org/W2912296668","https://openalex.org/W2913841425","https://openalex.org/W2915124689","https://openalex.org/W2915412380","https://openalex.org/W2920001452","https://openalex.org/W2940884072","https://openalex.org/W2942583443","https://openalex.org/W2951278712","https://openalex.org/W2963967828","https://openalex.org/W3013160799","https://openalex.org/W3091138124","https://openalex.org/W3098281022","https://openalex.org/W3126690291","https://openalex.org/W3174603843","https://openalex.org/W4206391503","https://openalex.org/W4213145388","https://openalex.org/W4220873163","https://openalex.org/W4248074997","https://openalex.org/W4288083546","https://openalex.org/W4288086169","https://openalex.org/W4297823417","https://openalex.org/W4367314869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031284701","https://openalex.org/W3141203889","https://openalex.org/W1969486489","https://openalex.org/W2156039046","https://openalex.org/W2418771911","https://openalex.org/W3140622617","https://openalex.org/W2994187804","https://openalex.org/W2960441665","https://openalex.org/W2091948289","https://openalex.org/W1999705655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Organizations":[0],"have":[1,53],"recently":[2],"begun":[3],"to":[4,14,67,94,154],"deploy":[5],"conversational":[6,160],"task":[7,39,125,139,142,161],"assistants":[8,21],"that":[9,98],"collaborate":[10],"with":[11,119],"knowledge":[12,120],"workers":[13,99,121,158],"partially":[15],"automate":[16],"their":[17,129],"work":[18,86],"tasks.":[19,106],"These":[20,144],"evolved":[22],"out":[23],"of":[24,76,92,104,114],"business":[25],"robotic":[26],"process":[27,70,135],"automation":[28,130],"(RPA)":[29],"tools":[30,60],"and":[31,44,116,122,131,141,152,159],"are":[32,146],"becoming":[33],"more":[34,62],"intelligent:":[35],"users":[36],"can":[37,47],"initiate":[38],"sequences":[40],"through":[41,110],"natural":[42],"language,":[43],"the":[45,74],"system":[46,64],"orchestrate":[48],"those":[49],"tasks":[50],"if":[51],"they":[52],"not":[54],"previously":[55],"been":[56],"defined.":[57],"As":[58],"these":[59],"become":[61],"automated,":[63],"designers":[65],"tend":[66],"optimize":[68],"overall":[69],"efficiency,":[71],"but":[72],"at":[73],"cost":[75],"shifting":[77],"agency":[78,96,156],"away":[79],"from":[80],"workers.":[81],"Particularly":[82],"in":[83,102],"high":[84],"stakes":[85],"environments,":[87],"this":[88,109],"shift":[89],"raises":[90],"questions":[91],"how":[93,153],"re-delegate":[95],"such":[97],"feel":[100],"sufficiently":[101],"control":[103],"automated":[105],"We":[107],"explored":[108],"two":[111],"studies":[112],"comprised":[113],"interviews":[115],"co-design":[117],"activities":[118],"identified":[123],"four":[124],"dimensions":[126,145],"along":[127],"which":[128],"interaction":[132],"preferences":[133],"vary:":[134],"consequence,":[136,138],"social":[137],"familiarity,":[140],"complexity.":[143],"useful":[147],"for":[148],"understanding":[149],"when,":[150],"why,":[151],"delegate":[155],"between":[157],"assistants.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}