{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380841447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3595647.3595648","title":"Scaling Zero-Knowledge to Verifiable Databases","display_name":"Scaling Zero-Knowledge to Verifiable Databases","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380841447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3595647.3595648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3595647.3595648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3595647.3595648","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3595647.3595648","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Verifiable Database Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3595647.3595648","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092179141","display_name":"Tal Derei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0782-6508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tal Derei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092179142","display_name":"Benjamin Aulenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7663-2957"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Aulenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macguyver Tech, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macguyver Tech, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092179143","display_name":"Victor Carolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3013-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Carolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092179144","display_name":"Caleb Geren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3135-0444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caleb Geren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101943958","display_name":"Michael J. Kaufman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1707-9851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102828218","display_name":"Jonathan Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1041-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052015270","display_name":"Rishad Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9284-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rishad Islam Shanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079883897","display_name":"Henry F. Korth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry F. Korth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Lehigh University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092179141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6993,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74730209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.9492322206497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7920363545417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7557199001312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6619476079940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.6284270286560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.605735719203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.539149820804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.5345351696014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.44816964864730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35023927688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.28328484296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19548770785331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1058928370475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08256170153617859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.9492322206497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7920363545417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7557199001312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6619476079940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6284270286560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.605735719203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.539149820804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5345351696014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.44816964864730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35023927688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.28328484296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19548770785331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1058928370475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08256170153617859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3595647.3595648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3595647.3595648","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3595647.3595648","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Verifiable Database Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3595647.3595648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3595647.3595648","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3595647.3595648","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Verifiable Database Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380841447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380841447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W3013936684","https://openalex.org/W3165659700","https://openalex.org/W4288849478","https://openalex.org/W4312884376","https://openalex.org/W4318541683","https://openalex.org/W4380081638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355730523","https://openalex.org/W152021879","https://openalex.org/W2072918937","https://openalex.org/W2365629437","https://openalex.org/W1970588133","https://openalex.org/W2022025391","https://openalex.org/W2163538620","https://openalex.org/W4401352023","https://openalex.org/W1567449721","https://openalex.org/W2952570804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zero-Knowledge":[0],"proofs":[1,54],"are":[2,59,65],"a":[3],"cryptographic":[4],"technique":[5],"to":[6,20,62,68,87],"reveal":[7],"knowledge":[8],"of":[9,52,76,84,91],"information":[10,14],"without":[11],"revealing":[12],"the":[13,73,82],"itself,":[15],"thus":[16],"enabling":[17],"systems":[18,38],"optimally":[19],"mix":[21],"privacy":[22],"and":[23,33,44,80],"transparency,":[24],"and,":[25],"where":[26],"needed,":[27],"regulatability.":[28],"Application":[29],"domains":[30],"include":[31],"health":[32],"other":[34],"enterprise":[35],"data,":[36],"financial":[37],"such":[39],"as":[40],"central-bank":[41],"digital":[42],"currencies,":[43],"performance":[45,89],"enhancement":[46],"in":[47],"blockchain":[48],"systems.":[49],"The":[50],"challenge":[51],"zero-knowledge":[53,78],"is":[55],"that,":[56],"although":[57],"they":[58,64],"computationally":[60,66],"easy":[61],"verify,":[63],"hard":[67],"produce.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"examines":[72],"scalability":[74],"limits":[75],"leading":[77],"algorithms":[79],"addresses":[81],"use":[83],"parallel":[85],"architectures":[86],"meet":[88],"demands":[90],"applications.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}