{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366768319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593803","title":"Automatic Core-Developer Identification on GitHub: A Validation Study","display_name":"Automatic Core-Developer Identification on GitHub: A Validation Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366768319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3593803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593803","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3593803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3593803","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102813403","display_name":"Thomas B\u00f6ck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Bock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088354282","display_name":"Nils Alznauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2724-1708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Alznauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065653342","display_name":"Mitchell Joblin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-3379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Joblin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, and Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, and Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215","https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054951840","display_name":"Sven Apel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-2233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Apel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102813403"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2481,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97025204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8921689391136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6884485483169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.6844432353973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6003693342208862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5936378240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.46519219875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45915594696998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.41961681842803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.398001492023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36915338039398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3565017879009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3347017765045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.22000759840011597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8921689391136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6884485483169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.6844432353973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6003693342208862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5936378240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.46519219875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45915594696998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.41961681842803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.398001492023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36915338039398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3565017879009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3347017765045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.22000759840011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3593803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593803","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3593803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.22028/d291-46950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3593803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593803","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3593803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5163955641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AP/206/14-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G590695924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AP 206/14-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7578079922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/14-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366768319.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366768319.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W240302486","https://openalex.org/W1587993607","https://openalex.org/W1924865473","https://openalex.org/W1965110090","https://openalex.org/W1970913835","https://openalex.org/W1971025144","https://openalex.org/W1971342410","https://openalex.org/W1975064998","https://openalex.org/W1985892950","https://openalex.org/W1987769722","https://openalex.org/W1998407227","https://openalex.org/W2005406219","https://openalex.org/W2014149900","https://openalex.org/W2018049970","https://openalex.org/W2022318086","https://openalex.org/W2022897498","https://openalex.org/W2024651346","https://openalex.org/W2031640601","https://openalex.org/W2035789063","https://openalex.org/W2037106942","https://openalex.org/W2045884494","https://openalex.org/W2057245786","https://openalex.org/W2058638038","https://openalex.org/W2067437598","https://openalex.org/W2076279155","https://openalex.org/W2086354305","https://openalex.org/W2093249572","https://openalex.org/W2101284766","https://openalex.org/W2107294940","https://openalex.org/W2110504075","https://openalex.org/W2111239744","https://openalex.org/W2120248976","https://openalex.org/W2126981385","https://openalex.org/W2127499986","https://openalex.org/W2127800791","https://openalex.org/W2130743551","https://openalex.org/W2138211899","https://openalex.org/W2141558501","https://openalex.org/W2145386371","https://openalex.org/W2234324187","https://openalex.org/W2238891378","https://openalex.org/W2288909473","https://openalex.org/W2344784027","https://openalex.org/W2474102872","https://openalex.org/W2557826775","https://openalex.org/W2590071090","https://openalex.org/W2593147042","https://openalex.org/W2734586805","https://openalex.org/W2745617632","https://openalex.org/W2783990487","https://openalex.org/W2890745669","https://openalex.org/W2901435019","https://openalex.org/W2903866513","https://openalex.org/W2904853825","https://openalex.org/W2946357416","https://openalex.org/W2951662295","https://openalex.org/W2953543126","https://openalex.org/W2953729744","https://openalex.org/W2969544268","https://openalex.org/W2980153788","https://openalex.org/W3033375835","https://openalex.org/W3089330114","https://openalex.org/W3092243509","https://openalex.org/W3094215143","https://openalex.org/W3104964010","https://openalex.org/W3116236632","https://openalex.org/W3123597688","https://openalex.org/W3162324063","https://openalex.org/W3214057859","https://openalex.org/W4210955132","https://openalex.org/W4242080301","https://openalex.org/W4254741915","https://openalex.org/W4291213652","https://openalex.org/W4299665537","https://openalex.org/W4300678113","https://openalex.org/W4311184977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367365664","https://openalex.org/W4293227618","https://openalex.org/W2136634148","https://openalex.org/W3122851392","https://openalex.org/W3122800671","https://openalex.org/W4250708772","https://openalex.org/W4288862737","https://openalex.org/W2129713739","https://openalex.org/W1984769753","https://openalex.org/W4391230627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"open-source":[1],"software":[2],"projects":[3],"are":[4],"self-organized":[5],"and":[6,23,53,80,118,153,161],"do":[7],"not":[8],"maintain":[9],"official":[10],"lists":[11],"with":[12,73],"information":[13],"on":[14,43,60,128],"developer":[15,78,97],"roles.":[16],"So,":[17],"knowing":[18],"which":[19,109],"developers":[20,41,72,89],"take":[21],"core":[22,40,71,88,107],"maintainer":[24],"roles":[25],"is,":[26],"despite":[27],"being":[28],"relevant,":[29],"often":[30],"tacit":[31],"knowledge.":[32],"We":[33],"propose":[34],"a":[35,74],"method":[36,141,163],"to":[37,90,155],"automatically":[38,69],"identify":[39],"based":[42],"role":[44],"permissions":[45],"of":[46,68,76,86,94,106,121],"privileged":[47,113],"events":[48],"triggered":[49],"in":[50],"GitHub":[51],"issues":[52],"pull":[54],"requests.":[55],"In":[56,146],"an":[57],"empirical":[58],"study":[59],"25/GitHub":[61],"projects,":[62],"(1)":[63],"we":[64,82,110],"validate":[65],"the":[66,92,104,119,129,139],"set":[67,85,105],"identified":[70,87],"sample":[75],"project-reported":[77],"lists,":[79],"(2)":[81],"use":[83],"our":[84,148,162],"assess":[91],"accuracy":[93,120],"state-of-the-art":[95,122],"unsupervised":[96,123,158],"classification":[98,124,159,173],"methods.":[99,174],"Our":[100],"results":[101,149],"indicate":[102],"that":[103],"developers,":[108],"extracted":[111],"from":[112],"issue":[114,135],"events,":[115],"is":[116],"sound":[117],"methods":[125],"depends":[126],"mainly":[127],"data":[130,133,169],"source":[131],"(commit":[132],"versus":[134,143],"data)":[136],"rather":[137],"than":[138],"network-construction":[140],"(directed":[142],"undirected,":[144],"etc.).":[145],"perspective,":[147],"shall":[150],"guide":[151],"research":[152],"practice":[154],"choose":[156],"appropriate":[157],"methods,":[160],"can":[164],"help":[165],"create":[166],"reliable":[167],"ground-truth":[168],"for":[170],"training":[171],"supervised":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}