{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381188071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593236","title":"WAMS: A Flexible API for Visual Workspaces Across Multiple Surfaces","display_name":"WAMS: A Flexible API for Visual Workspaces Across Multiple Surfaces","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381188071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3593236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3593236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040959667","display_name":"Scott Bateman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-2163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Bateman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081930058","display_name":"Carl Gutwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-9495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Gutwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026285280","display_name":"Hamid Mansoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-6049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Mansoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081381214","display_name":"Miguel A. Nacenta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-9654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Nacenta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020369680","display_name":"Michael van der Kamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7335-1476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael van der Kamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021797968","display_name":"Mykyta Baliesnyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-6276"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mykyta Baliesnyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Existential Risks Initiative, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Existential Risks Initiative, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092202032","display_name":"Kolton Gagnon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9557-3575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kolton Gagnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011989990","display_name":"Jesse Rollheiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7759-250X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesse Rollheiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040959667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05883583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"EICS","first_page":"1","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workspace","display_name":"Workspace","score":0.9784067273139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7258522510528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.65455561876297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.613934338092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensibility","display_name":"Extensibility","score":0.600072979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14642468094825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09202423691749573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58581272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12741163","display_name":"Workspace","level":3,"score":0.9784067273139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7258522510528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.65455561876297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.613934338092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.600072979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14642468094825745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09202423691749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3593236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3593236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59380319","https://openalex.org/W120317145","https://openalex.org/W1494658578","https://openalex.org/W1510531466","https://openalex.org/W1604070650","https://openalex.org/W1964641564","https://openalex.org/W1966076287","https://openalex.org/W1967265071","https://openalex.org/W1971876305","https://openalex.org/W1972359875","https://openalex.org/W1972625820","https://openalex.org/W1975207314","https://openalex.org/W1975756134","https://openalex.org/W1978334997","https://openalex.org/W1984975798","https://openalex.org/W1986988597","https://openalex.org/W1991151965","https://openalex.org/W1993593321","https://openalex.org/W1994547327","https://openalex.org/W1995923922","https://openalex.org/W1995974548","https://openalex.org/W1997523132","https://openalex.org/W1997556709","https://openalex.org/W2002644381","https://openalex.org/W2003636929","https://openalex.org/W2004797925","https://openalex.org/W2005511465","https://openalex.org/W2007331479","https://openalex.org/W2008562914","https://openalex.org/W2011741072","https://openalex.org/W2012417801","https://openalex.org/W2012856773","https://openalex.org/W2017956424","https://openalex.org/W2025790386","https://openalex.org/W2029510800","https://openalex.org/W2032843080","https://openalex.org/W2034285448","https://openalex.org/W2036540907","https://openalex.org/W2038783687","https://openalex.org/W2041313766","https://openalex.org/W2043782199","https://openalex.org/W2049433633","https://openalex.org/W2049817002","https://openalex.org/W2050147921","https://openalex.org/W2052674545","https://openalex.org/W2054120628","https://openalex.org/W2058073470","https://openalex.org/W2062368414","https://openalex.org/W2062499875","https://openalex.org/W2065097434","https://openalex.org/W2066573099","https://openalex.org/W2083977441","https://openalex.org/W2087120827","https://openalex.org/W2090308611","https://openalex.org/W2094982166","https://openalex.org/W2095697873","https://openalex.org/W2097248932","https://openalex.org/W2100800440","https://openalex.org/W2106699456","https://openalex.org/W2108147297","https://openalex.org/W2108715885","https://openalex.org/W2113221457","https://openalex.org/W2114879705","https://openalex.org/W2115129750","https://openalex.org/W2118558154","https://openalex.org/W2122462040","https://openalex.org/W2125669135","https://openalex.org/W2128491973","https://openalex.org/W2132168989","https://openalex.org/W2135345119","https://openalex.org/W2135643110","https://openalex.org/W2136454326","https://openalex.org/W2141270048","https://openalex.org/W2148558021","https://openalex.org/W2153163326","https://openalex.org/W2159456281","https://openalex.org/W2159852449","https://openalex.org/W2161969471","https://openalex.org/W2169551463","https://openalex.org/W2176612538","https://openalex.org/W2268307718","https://openalex.org/W2271345687","https://openalex.org/W2395525566","https://openalex.org/W2398905071","https://openalex.org/W2406854312","https://openalex.org/W2410906378","https://openalex.org/W2438971205","https://openalex.org/W2554853021","https://openalex.org/W2564955212","https://openalex.org/W2591364565","https://openalex.org/W2610637862","https://openalex.org/W2611061137","https://openalex.org/W2611634539","https://openalex.org/W2611876519","https://openalex.org/W2622264459","https://openalex.org/W2624129226","https://openalex.org/W2763844585","https://openalex.org/W2775663585","https://openalex.org/W2783012020","https://openalex.org/W2790730056","https://openalex.org/W2792349103","https://openalex.org/W2808833240","https://openalex.org/W2809377452","https://openalex.org/W2911967907","https://openalex.org/W2913245132","https://openalex.org/W2914956538","https://openalex.org/W2949483509","https://openalex.org/W2965461411","https://openalex.org/W2973217771","https://openalex.org/W3028804793","https://openalex.org/W3094580625","https://openalex.org/W3103005787","https://openalex.org/W3162409044","https://openalex.org/W4229800322","https://openalex.org/W4233389852","https://openalex.org/W4233541695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364420803","https://openalex.org/W25068511","https://openalex.org/W2362760518","https://openalex.org/W2368425793","https://openalex.org/W4253241429","https://openalex.org/W2168015525","https://openalex.org/W2353652052","https://openalex.org/W1555734827","https://openalex.org/W2036340253","https://openalex.org/W3159798064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Applications":[0],"that":[1,21,41,63,74,99,123,169,190],"use":[2,42],"multiple":[3,109,135,150],"devices":[4],"and":[5,59,76,125,130,138,142,146,177,185,197,207,212],"surfaces":[6],"provide":[7,53,187],"new":[8],"opportunities":[9],"for":[10,104,133],"innovative":[11],"interaction":[12],"--":[13,94,116,129],"but":[14],"despite":[15],"the":[16,72,82,154,192,195,199],"wide":[17,158],"variety":[18,159],"of":[19,32,156,160,194,203],"research":[20],"has":[22],"been":[23],"carried":[24],"out":[25,80,144],"on":[26,66],"multi-surface":[27,39,83],"systems,":[28],"building":[29,105],"these":[30],"kinds":[31],"applications":[33,107,161],"is":[34,64],"still":[35],"difficult.":[36],"In":[37],"particular,":[38],"apps":[40],"interactive":[43,60],"visual":[44,119],"workspaces":[45],"are":[46],"complicated":[47],"because":[48],"current":[49],"tools":[50],"do":[51],"not":[52],"low-level":[54],"access":[55],"to":[56],"a":[57,117,157],"connected":[58],"graphical":[61,126],"canvas":[62],"shown":[65],"different":[67,171,175],"devices.":[68],"This":[69],"difficulty":[70],"limits":[71],"explorations":[73],"designers":[75],"developers":[77],"can":[78],"carry":[79],"within":[81],"design":[84],"space.":[85],"To":[86],"address":[87],"this":[88],"problem,":[89],"we":[90],"have":[91],"developed":[92],"WAMS":[93,111,152],"an":[95],"open-source":[96],"web-based":[97],"toolkit":[98,200],"provides":[100,131],"several":[101,188],"programming":[102],"abstractions":[103,184],"visual-workspace":[106],"across":[108],"surfaces.":[110,151],"uses":[112],"three":[113],"main":[114,183],"concepts":[115],"virtual":[118],"workspace,":[120,124],"views":[121],"onto":[122,174],"workspace":[127],"objects":[128],"support":[132],"connecting":[134],"devices,":[136,176],"creating":[137],"manipulating":[139],"objects,":[140],"managing":[141],"laying":[143],"views,":[145],"handling":[147],"events":[148],"from":[149],"simplifies":[153],"development":[155],"including":[162],"composite":[163],"display":[164],"configurations,":[165],"shared-workspace":[166],"groupware,":[167],"systems":[168],"place":[170],"UI":[172],"elements":[173],"bring-your-own-device":[178],"applications.":[179],"We":[180],"describe":[181],"WAMS's":[182],"concepts,":[186],"examples":[189],"show":[191],"breadth":[193],"approach,":[196],"assess":[198],"in":[201],"terms":[202],"effectiveness,":[204],"coverage,":[205],"extensibility,":[206],"integration":[208],"with":[209],"existing":[210],"practices":[211],"tools.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}