{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380319974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594061","title":"Measuring and mitigating voting access disparities: a study of race and polling locations in Florida and North Carolina","display_name":"Measuring and mitigating voting access disparities: a study of race and polling locations in Florida and North Carolina","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380319974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3593013.3594061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055543750","display_name":"Mohsen Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1029-8414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029536735","display_name":"Calvin Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0380-4346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155707491","display_name":"Haverford College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnrxr62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155707491"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calvin Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haverford College, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haverford College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155707491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034482692","display_name":"Kristian Lum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2637-5612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian Lum","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086384189","display_name":"Sorelle A. Friedler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-1597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155707491","display_name":"Haverford College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnrxr62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155707491"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sorelle A. Friedler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haverford College, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haverford College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155707491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061790878","display_name":"Suresh Venkatasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-7130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175594653","display_name":"John Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ct41q97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Venkatasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055543750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95096179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1038","last_page":"1048"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polling","display_name":"Polling","score":0.9224036335945129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.8333333730697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.5820871591567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.5805487632751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.50374835729599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4762963354587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.44893205165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4187094569206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics","display_name":"Demographic economics","score":0.3606979548931122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3462457060813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3242807388305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3190712630748749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18288654088974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1563081443309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.15201684832572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.15103819966316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.150802344083786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11567085981369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07971227169036865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204854418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362921","display_name":"Polling","level":2,"score":0.9224036335945129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.8333333730697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5820871591567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.5805487632751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.50374835729599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4762963354587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44893205165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4187094569206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3606979548931122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3462457060813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3242807388305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3190712630748749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18288654088974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1563081443309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.15201684832572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15103819966316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.150802344083786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11567085981369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07971227169036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3593013.3594061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966306013","https://openalex.org/W1981773323","https://openalex.org/W2001907516","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2055985676","https://openalex.org/W2055996587","https://openalex.org/W2065231366","https://openalex.org/W2090799431","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2117251752","https://openalex.org/W2137622327","https://openalex.org/W2141505357","https://openalex.org/W2167599604","https://openalex.org/W2247953682","https://openalex.org/W2947657760","https://openalex.org/W2982435932","https://openalex.org/W2989893350","https://openalex.org/W2997118304","https://openalex.org/W2998349703","https://openalex.org/W2999681269","https://openalex.org/W3036413271","https://openalex.org/W3037696852","https://openalex.org/W3109461396","https://openalex.org/W3134200737","https://openalex.org/W3196387987","https://openalex.org/W3213386156","https://openalex.org/W4230992066","https://openalex.org/W6666916029","https://openalex.org/W6728551298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076641224","https://openalex.org/W2987499578","https://openalex.org/W4205624458","https://openalex.org/W2462076241","https://openalex.org/W4230797417","https://openalex.org/W4386075345","https://openalex.org/W2511501630","https://openalex.org/W2392717539","https://openalex.org/W2164895946","https://openalex.org/W1499408262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voter":[0],"suppression":[1],"and":[2,37,48,71,112],"associated":[3],"racial":[4],"disparities":[5,62,97],"in":[6,15,56,63],"access":[7,30,65,96],"to":[8,27,43,52,67,104],"voting":[9,64],"are":[10],"long-standing":[11],"civil":[12],"rights":[13],"concerns":[14],"the":[16,68,102],"United":[17],"States.":[18],"A":[19],"history":[20],"of":[21,81,101],"violent":[22],"explicit":[23],"discouragement":[24],"has":[25],"shifted":[26],"more":[28,86],"subtle":[29],"limitations":[31],"that":[32],"can":[33,90],"include":[34],"long":[35,40],"lines":[36],"wait":[38],"times,":[39],"travel":[41,118],"times":[42],"reach":[44],"a":[45,78],"polling":[46,82],"station,":[47],"other":[49],"logistical":[50],"barriers":[51],"voting.":[53],"Our":[54],"focus":[55],"this":[57],"work":[58],"is":[59,98],"on":[60],"quantifying":[61],"pertaining":[66],"overall":[69],"time-to-vote,":[70],"how":[72],"they":[73],"could":[74],"be":[75],"remedied":[76],"via":[77],"better":[79],"choice":[80],"location":[83],"or":[84],"provisioning":[85],"sites":[87],"where":[88],"voters":[89],"cast":[91],"ballots.":[92],"However,":[93],"appropriately":[94],"calibrating":[95],"difficult":[99],"because":[100],"need":[103],"account":[105],"for":[106,116],"factors":[107],"such":[108],"as":[109],"population":[110],"density":[111],"different":[113],"community":[114],"expectations":[115],"reasonable":[117],"times.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
