{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385275560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592449","title":"Semantics and Scheduling for Machine Knitting Compilers","display_name":"Semantics and Scheduling for Machine Knitting Compilers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385275560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592449","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592449","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069902009","display_name":"Jenny Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8618-0740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenny Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8618-0740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102858709","display_name":"Vidya Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8497-8191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidya Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Seattle, Washington, United States of America","Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","Amazon, Seattle, Washington, United States of America Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8497-8191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Seattle, Washington, United States of America Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056230848","display_name":"Yuka Ikarashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuka Ikarashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-0918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023577472","display_name":"Jonathan Ragan\u2010Kelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Ragan-Kelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-9543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034400503","display_name":"Gilbert Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-1169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-1169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018050000","display_name":"James McCann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Mccann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-4142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0066,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87056482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8822776079177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7993494868278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6508277654647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-machine","display_name":"Abstract machine","score":0.6292369961738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4855908751487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-semantics","display_name":"Operational semantics","score":0.47884702682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.46121227741241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-transformation","display_name":"Program transformation","score":0.4597295820713043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.3449501097202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33666300773620605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8822776079177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7993494868278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6508277654647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88977235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787114","display_name":"Abstract machine","level":2,"score":0.6292369961738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4855908751487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.47884702682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.46121227741241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778361913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248437","display_name":"Program transformation","level":2,"score":0.4597295820713043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3449501097202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33666300773620605}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592449","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/152170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152170","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/152170/1/3592449.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592449","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G667932935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1955444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317743","display_name":"Masason Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385275560.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385275560.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W392721968","https://openalex.org/W1976561419","https://openalex.org/W1989988531","https://openalex.org/W2033348393","https://openalex.org/W2049271827","https://openalex.org/W2161847190","https://openalex.org/W2470373562","https://openalex.org/W2594730095","https://openalex.org/W2809319534","https://openalex.org/W2810233599","https://openalex.org/W2914209329","https://openalex.org/W2942398060","https://openalex.org/W2958577034","https://openalex.org/W2980783908","https://openalex.org/W2991552299","https://openalex.org/W3010221424","https://openalex.org/W3113662992","https://openalex.org/W3162699977","https://openalex.org/W3172040651","https://openalex.org/W3173883823","https://openalex.org/W3184479168","https://openalex.org/W3185182275","https://openalex.org/W3185465935","https://openalex.org/W3205310756","https://openalex.org/W4200327558","https://openalex.org/W4280629564","https://openalex.org/W4281689767","https://openalex.org/W4281707342","https://openalex.org/W4307475432","https://openalex.org/W4366827875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252501555","https://openalex.org/W2003848320","https://openalex.org/W1533734185","https://openalex.org/W2009332552","https://openalex.org/W58529227","https://openalex.org/W2066868279","https://openalex.org/W2104890704","https://openalex.org/W60573678","https://openalex.org/W1509231339","https://openalex.org/W2053968119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"knitting":[1,22,54,97,124],"is":[2,85],"a":[3,73,86,91,120,144,165,168,196],"well-established":[4],"fabrication":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7,19,27,49,89,96,119,159,167,173,199],"complex":[8],"soft":[9],"objects,":[10],"and":[11,14,51,149,171,201],"both":[12],"companies":[13],"researchers":[15],"have":[16],"developed":[17],"tools":[18],"generating":[20,178],"machine":[21,28,40,65,170],"patterns.":[23],"However,":[24],"existing":[25],"representations":[26],"knitted":[29],"objects":[30],"are":[31],"incomplete":[32],"(do":[33,46],"not":[34,47],"cover":[35],"the":[36,70,107,129,141,157,179],"complete":[37],"domain":[38],"of":[39,72,82,123,143,146,191],"knittable":[41],"objects)":[42],"or":[43,76],"overly":[44],"specific":[45,169],"account":[48],"symmetries":[50],"equivalences":[52],"among":[53],"instruction":[55],"sequences).":[56],"This":[57],"makes":[58],"it":[59],"difficult":[60],"to":[61,117],"define":[62],"correctness":[63,71,142],"in":[64],"knitting,":[66],"let":[67],"alone":[68],"verify":[69],"given":[74],"program":[75,77,125,166],"transformation.":[78],"The":[79],"major":[80],"contribution":[81],"this":[83,101,136,193],"work":[84,194],"formal":[87,137,189],"semantics":[88],"knitout,":[90],"low-level":[92],"Domain":[93],"Specific":[94],"Language":[95],"machines.":[98],"We":[99],"accomplish":[100],"by":[102],"using":[103,135],"what":[104],"we":[105,139],"call":[106],"fenced":[108],"tangle":[109],",":[110],"which":[111],"extends":[112],"concepts":[113],"from":[114],"knot":[115],"theory":[116],"allow":[118],"mathematical":[121],"definition":[122],"equivalence":[126],"that":[127],"matches":[128],"intuition":[130],"behind":[131],"knit":[132,181,203],"objects.":[133],"Finally,":[134],"representation,":[138],"prove":[140],"sequence":[145],"rewrite":[147,153],"rules;":[148],"demonstrate":[150],"how":[151],"these":[152],"rules":[154],"can":[155],"form":[156],"foundation":[158,198],"higher-level":[160],"tasks":[161],"such":[162],"as":[163],"compiling":[164,200],"optimizing":[172,202],"time/reliability,":[174],"all":[175],"while":[176],"provably":[177],"same":[180],"object":[182],"under":[183],"our":[184],"proposed":[185],"semantics.":[186],"By":[187],"establishing":[188],"definitions":[190],"correctness,":[192],"provides":[195],"strong":[197],"programs.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}