{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385261241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592132","title":"End-to-end Procedural Material Capture with Proxy-Free Mixed-Integer Optimization","display_name":"End-to-end Procedural Material Capture with Proxy-Free Mixed-Integer Optimization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385261241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592132","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001416316","display_name":"Beichen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-0055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beichen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-0055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083945206","display_name":"Liang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4442-4679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4442-4679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018010391","display_name":"Wojciech Matusik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-5643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Matusik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-5643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95512239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.7655007243156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.708138644695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6394519805908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gradient-descent","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","score":0.5034672617912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5000834465026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.49716952443122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.4698423743247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4664760231971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39623698592185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34298425912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.23362252116203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16085714101791382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.7655007243156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.708138644695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6394519805908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206688291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617819","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5034672617912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5000834465026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49716952443122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.4698423743247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4664760231971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39623698592185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34298425912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.23362252116203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16085714101791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592132","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/152168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592132","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385261241.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966385659","https://openalex.org/W1980466170","https://openalex.org/W1983954705","https://openalex.org/W1994352258","https://openalex.org/W2000123870","https://openalex.org/W2029629075","https://openalex.org/W2037242534","https://openalex.org/W2043334098","https://openalex.org/W2045483011","https://openalex.org/W2066864051","https://openalex.org/W2078763344","https://openalex.org/W2089371205","https://openalex.org/W2097376033","https://openalex.org/W2098391435","https://openalex.org/W2105096195","https://openalex.org/W2120978234","https://openalex.org/W2133304166","https://openalex.org/W2134019950","https://openalex.org/W2169216879","https://openalex.org/W2197110667","https://openalex.org/W2265388767","https://openalex.org/W2293826021","https://openalex.org/W2294994244","https://openalex.org/W2296501157","https://openalex.org/W2336763592","https://openalex.org/W2344854399","https://openalex.org/W2549156558","https://openalex.org/W2550785077","https://openalex.org/W2554498528","https://openalex.org/W2575993503","https://openalex.org/W2736596523","https://openalex.org/W2777426790","https://openalex.org/W2811490555","https://openalex.org/W2888283596","https://openalex.org/W2898348749","https://openalex.org/W2902375431","https://openalex.org/W2902812770","https://openalex.org/W2903365351","https://openalex.org/W2941821746","https://openalex.org/W2958302123","https://openalex.org/W2963650738","https://openalex.org/W2965557046","https://openalex.org/W2977371611","https://openalex.org/W2983340109","https://openalex.org/W2983859346","https://openalex.org/W2985626319","https://openalex.org/W2986023562","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3000666251","https://openalex.org/W3001404511","https://openalex.org/W3049755554","https://openalex.org/W3090135481","https://openalex.org/W3106721722","https://openalex.org/W3109203742","https://openalex.org/W3128051178","https://openalex.org/W3166355208","https://openalex.org/W3183743915","https://openalex.org/W4205486372","https://openalex.org/W4205633319","https://openalex.org/W4232181375","https://openalex.org/W4234476136","https://openalex.org/W4235947974","https://openalex.org/W4239962734","https://openalex.org/W4240432539","https://openalex.org/W4242974061","https://openalex.org/W4245596045","https://openalex.org/W4246604211","https://openalex.org/W4249905788","https://openalex.org/W4283825676","https://openalex.org/W4300641987","https://openalex.org/W6600106573","https://openalex.org/W6658108926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206903459","https://openalex.org/W2754816816","https://openalex.org/W4366280654","https://openalex.org/W3160167280","https://openalex.org/W4231621013","https://openalex.org/W4362706668","https://openalex.org/W3008318776","https://openalex.org/W1977633006","https://openalex.org/W1971945429","https://openalex.org/W2041416246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Node-graph-based":[0],"procedural":[1,19,190,198,214,256],"materials":[2,215,257],"are":[3],"vital":[4],"to":[5,56,99,210,301],"3D":[6],"content":[7],"creation":[8],"within":[9],"the":[10,15,29,134,146,167,223,250,262,302],"computer":[11],"graphics":[12],"industry.":[13],"Leveraging":[14],"expressive":[16],"representation":[17],"of":[18,137,148,153,170,225,255,281],"materials,":[20,282],"artists":[21],"can":[22,275],"effortlessly":[23],"generate":[24],"diverse":[25],"appearances":[26],"by":[27,60,236],"altering":[28],"graph":[30,228],"structure":[31],"or":[32,268,288],"node":[33,70,104,175],"parameters.":[34,325],"However,":[35],"manually":[36],"reproducing":[37],"a":[38,42,73,195,277,298],"specific":[39],"appearance":[40,76],"is":[41],"challenging":[43],"task":[44],"that":[45,202,293],"demands":[46],"extensive":[47],"domain":[48],"knowledge":[49],"and":[50,68,91,102,125,150,156,162,172,206,242,253,310,323],"labor.":[51],"Previous":[52],"research":[53],"has":[54],"sought":[55],"automate":[57],"this":[58],"process":[59],"converting":[61],"artist-created":[62],"material":[63,75,139,191,199,227],"graphs":[64],"into":[65],"differentiable":[66,84,93,161,189,226],"programs":[67],"optimizing":[69],"parameters":[71,105,176],"against":[72,216],"photographed":[74],"using":[77],"gradient":[78],"descent.":[79],"These":[80,141],"methods":[81],"involve":[82],"implementing":[83],"filter":[85,245],"nodes":[86,98,229,241],"[Shi":[87,232,306],"et":[88,107,233,307,314],"al.":[89,108,234,308,315],"2020]":[90,235,309],"training":[92,120],"neural":[94],"proxies":[95],"for":[96,249,264],"generator":[97,158,174,240],"optimize":[100],"continuous":[101,171,322],"discrete":[103,173,324],"[Hu":[106,313],"2022a]":[109,316],"jointly.":[110],"Nevertheless,":[111],"Neural":[112,311],"Proxies":[113,312],"exhibits":[114],"critical":[115],"limitations,":[116],"such":[117],"as":[118],"long":[119],"times,":[121],"inaccuracies,":[122],"fixed":[123],"resolutions,":[124],"confined":[126],"parameter":[127,208],"ranges,":[128],"which":[129],"hinder":[130],"their":[131],"scalability":[132],"towards":[133],"broad":[135],"spectrum":[136],"production-grade":[138,213],"graphs.":[140],"constraints":[142],"fundamentally":[143],"stem":[144],"from":[145,319],"absence":[147],"faithful":[149],"efficient":[151],"implementations":[152],"generic":[154,238],"noise":[155,270],"pattern":[157],"nodes,":[159],"both":[160],"non-differentiable.":[163],"Such":[164],"deficiency":[165],"prevents":[166],"direct":[168],"optimization":[169,205,254],"without":[177,261],"relying":[178],"on":[179],"surrogate":[180],"models.":[181],"We":[182,291],"present":[183],"Diffmat":[184,220,231],"v2":[185,221],",":[186],"an":[187],"improved":[188],"library,":[192],"along":[193],"with":[194,285],"fully-automated,":[196],"end-to-end":[197,295],"capture":[200,276],"framework":[201],"combines":[203],"gradient-based":[204],"gradient-free":[207],"search":[209],"match":[211,300],"existing":[212],"user-taken":[217],"flash":[218],"photos.":[219],"expands":[222],"range":[224],"in":[230],"adding":[237],"noise/pattern":[239],"user-customizable":[243],"per-pixel":[244],"nodes.":[246],"This":[247],"allows":[248],"complete":[251],"translation":[252],"across":[258],"various":[259],"categories":[260],"need":[263],"external":[265],"proprietary":[266],"tools":[267],"pre-cached":[269],"patterns.":[271],"Consequently,":[272],"our":[273,294],"method":[274],"considerably":[278],"broader":[279],"array":[280],"encompassing":[283],"those":[284],"highly":[286],"regular":[287],"stochastic":[289],"geometries.":[290],"demonstrate":[292],"approach":[296],"yields":[297],"closer":[299],"target":[303],"than":[304],"MATch":[305],"when":[317],"starting":[318],"initially":[320],"unmatched":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}