{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385271068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592110","title":"Split-Lohmann Multifocal Displays","display_name":"Split-Lohmann Multifocal Displays","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385271068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592110","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592110","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004980626","display_name":"Yingsi Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-7913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingsi Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-7913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373297","display_name":"Wei-Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-9188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001240636","display_name":"Matthew O\u2019Toole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-9349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew O'Toole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-9349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034284556","display_name":"Aswin C. Sankaranarayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-4046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aswin C. Sankaranarayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America","ECE Department, Pittsburgh, United States of America","Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America ECE Department, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-4046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America ECE Department, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9343329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.691716194152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6706213355064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focal-length","display_name":"Focal length","score":0.6594077348709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.623715341091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.622319221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-light-modulator","display_name":"Spatial light modulator","score":0.6178501844406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5679665803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5054771900177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4985477924346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47384148836135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.42588573694229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.35510021448135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18375733494758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12196171283721924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.691716194152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6706213355064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82552819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193540","display_name":"Focal length","level":3,"score":0.6594077348709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.623715341091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.622319221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777903624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477653","display_name":"Spatial light modulator","level":2,"score":0.6178501844406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5679665803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5054771900177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4985477924346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47384148836135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.42588573694229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.35510021448135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18375733494758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12196171283721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592110","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3592110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592110","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3592110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3728599158","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Computational Photo-Scatterography: Unraveling Scattered Photons for Bio-Imaging","funder_award_id":"1730147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3827403979","display_name":"CHS: Small: Towards Photorealistic Augmented and Virtual Reality Displays","funder_award_id":"2008464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385271068.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63091017","https://openalex.org/W606068609","https://openalex.org/W1991012411","https://openalex.org/W2006836886","https://openalex.org/W2007826547","https://openalex.org/W2036054706","https://openalex.org/W2052726807","https://openalex.org/W2084047411","https://openalex.org/W2132719795","https://openalex.org/W2168407534","https://openalex.org/W2214253587","https://openalex.org/W2416049657","https://openalex.org/W2587808284","https://openalex.org/W2614113705","https://openalex.org/W2668478598","https://openalex.org/W2736912976","https://openalex.org/W2737094081","https://openalex.org/W2769743662","https://openalex.org/W2770844428","https://openalex.org/W2803212610","https://openalex.org/W2890575065","https://openalex.org/W2901919345","https://openalex.org/W2914002435","https://openalex.org/W2932489395","https://openalex.org/W2946382687","https://openalex.org/W2967721504","https://openalex.org/W2983577842","https://openalex.org/W3023133868","https://openalex.org/W3029891135","https://openalex.org/W3048481405","https://openalex.org/W3048634093","https://openalex.org/W3104150238","https://openalex.org/W3105126157","https://openalex.org/W3105914329","https://openalex.org/W3107307590","https://openalex.org/W3110481377","https://openalex.org/W4213126268","https://openalex.org/W4249879828","https://openalex.org/W4289544683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362982972","https://openalex.org/W4310508253","https://openalex.org/W4389140036","https://openalex.org/W2899776212","https://openalex.org/W2149109886","https://openalex.org/W3009804950","https://openalex.org/W2519428770","https://openalex.org/W2468858520","https://openalex.org/W2391906101","https://openalex.org/W1986315617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,54],"work":[1],"provides":[2,31],"the":[3,39,64,121,125,139,176,182],"design":[4,86,156],"of":[5,15,63,90,124,145,178,209],"a":[6,12,19,26,50,56,88,91,94,114,158,165,199,206,221],"multifocal":[7,57,160],"display":[8,51,58,140],"that":[9,30,73,104],"can":[10],"create":[11],"dense":[13],"stack":[14],"focal":[16,36,45,66,150],"planes":[17],"in":[18,34],"single":[20],"shot.":[21],"We":[22,152],"achieve":[23],"this":[24,85,155],"using":[25],"novel":[27],"computational":[28,185],"lens":[29,40,97],"spatial":[32,116,172],"selectivity":[33],"its":[35],"length,":[37,67],"i.e,":[38],"appears":[41],"to":[42,84,107,141,154],"have":[43],"different":[44,136,143,149],"lengths":[46],"across":[47],"points":[48],"on":[49,138],"behind":[52],"it.":[53],"enables":[55],"via":[59],"an":[60,129],"appropriate":[61],"selection":[62],"spatially-varying":[65],"thereby":[68],"avoiding":[69],"time":[70,179],"multiplexing":[71,180],"techniques":[72],"are":[74],"associated":[75],"with":[76,99,128],"traditional":[77],"focus":[78,95],"tunable":[79,96],"lenses.":[80],"The":[81],"idea":[82],"central":[83],"is":[87],"modification":[89],"Lohmann":[92],"lens,":[93],"created":[98],"two":[100],"cubic":[101,126],"phase":[102,115],"plates":[103,127],"translate":[105],"relative":[106],"each":[108],"other.":[109],"Using":[110,198],"optical":[111,130],"relays":[112],"and":[113,173,181,195,212],"light":[117,184],"modulator,":[118],"we":[119,202],"replace":[120],"physical":[122],"translation":[123],"one,":[131],"while":[132],"simultaneously":[133],"allowing":[134],"for":[135,187,193],"pixels":[137],"undergo":[142],"amounts":[144],"translations":[146],"and,":[147],"consequently,":[148],"lengths.":[151],"refer":[153],"as":[157,168,170],"Split-Lohmann":[159,162],"display.":[161],"displays":[163],"provide":[164],"large":[166,222],"\u00e9tendue":[167],"well":[169],"high":[171,217],"depth":[174],"resolutions;":[175],"absence":[177],"extremely":[183],"footprint":[186],"content":[188],"processing":[189],"makes":[190],"it":[191],"suitable":[192],"video":[194],"interactive":[196,213],"experiences.":[197],"lab":[200],"prototype,":[201],"show":[203],"results":[204],"over":[205,220],"wide":[207],"range":[208],"static,":[210],"dynamic,":[211],"3D":[214],"scenes,":[215],"showcasing":[216],"visual":[218],"quality":[219],"working":[223],"range.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}