{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383163552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591365.3592948","title":"BDFL: A Blockchain-Enabled FL Framework for Edge-based Smart UAV Delivery Systems","display_name":"BDFL: A Blockchain-Enabled FL Framework for Edge-based Smart UAV Delivery Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383163552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591365.3592948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591365.3592948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591365.3592948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Advanced Security on Software and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/BDFL_A_Blockchain-Enabled_FL_Framework_for_Edge-based_Smart_UAV_Delivery_Systems/23716566","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027311611","display_name":"Chengzu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-7041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengzu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-7041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062270126","display_name":"Zhiyu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-0481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne university of Technology, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-0481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne university of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016008862","display_name":"Frank Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-8525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-8525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043613674","display_name":"Shantanu Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-0154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shantanu Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-0154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026124149","display_name":"Chong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6104-2173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6104-2173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043470959","display_name":"Shiping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-0024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-0024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075936732","display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-5754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90416217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11163","display_name":"Organ Donation and Transplantation","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7760156393051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6943609714508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6577993035316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6330939531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-point-of-failure","display_name":"Single point of failure","score":0.5847700238227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5820683836936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4831468462944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.48112598061561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45890727639198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4489974081516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.43311208486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32528170943260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22357845306396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19331124424934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.18602561950683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.132224440574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1296224594116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11938786506652832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760156393051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6943609714508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6577993035316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6330939531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.5847700238227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5820683836936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4831468462944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.48112598061561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45890727639198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4489974081516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.43311208486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32528170943260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22357845306396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19331124424934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.18602561950683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.132224440574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1296224594116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11938786506652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591365.3592948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591365.3592948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Advanced Security on Software and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23716566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/BDFL_A_Blockchain-Enabled_FL_Framework_for_Edge-based_Smart_UAV_Delivery_Systems/23716566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23716566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/BDFL_A_Blockchain-Enabled_FL_Framework_for_Edge-based_Smart_UAV_Delivery_Systems/23716566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1844512392","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2910780793","https://openalex.org/W2912416028","https://openalex.org/W2971569867","https://openalex.org/W2974429275","https://openalex.org/W3000385461","https://openalex.org/W3011766871","https://openalex.org/W3021157052","https://openalex.org/W3036397807","https://openalex.org/W3038028469","https://openalex.org/W3045674654","https://openalex.org/W3046813974","https://openalex.org/W3051272477","https://openalex.org/W3088281391","https://openalex.org/W3092863441","https://openalex.org/W3095611529","https://openalex.org/W3120346123","https://openalex.org/W3124638279","https://openalex.org/W3125728023","https://openalex.org/W3137762252","https://openalex.org/W3154569184","https://openalex.org/W3168496996","https://openalex.org/W3194291390","https://openalex.org/W3214692680","https://openalex.org/W4200571688","https://openalex.org/W4206143364","https://openalex.org/W4206267975","https://openalex.org/W4230472372","https://openalex.org/W4281786985","https://openalex.org/W4315746341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195581271","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4312996489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,166,221],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"edge-based":[3,161],"smart":[4,54,88,162,213,251],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicle":[7],"(UAV)":[8],"delivery":[9,56,164,215,255],"systems":[10,57,216],"have":[11],"attracted":[12],"a":[13,103,113,155,171,181,218],"lot":[14],"of":[15,49,65,142,229,240,250,259,279,286],"attention":[16],"by":[17,70],"both":[18,71],"academia":[19],"and":[20,27,42,73,75,96,122,184,201,271,283],"industry":[21],"given":[22],"its":[23,287],"promising":[24,114],"business":[25],"value":[26],"also":[28,224],"as":[29,38,91,112,217],"an":[30],"ideal":[31],"testbed":[32],"for":[33,53,80,160,174,180],"many":[34],"emerging":[35],"technologies":[36],"such":[37,90,102],"edge":[39],"computing,":[40],"blockchain":[41],"machine":[43,82],"learning.":[44],"At":[45],"the":[46,50,62,76,127,132,140,143,178,189,195,203,208,226,237,241,247,260,277,280,284],"moment,":[47],"one":[48],"critical":[51],"challenges":[52],"UAV":[55,163,214,254],"is":[58,67,78,262],"data":[59,66,77,187],"privacy":[60,204],"since":[61,116],"massive":[63],"amount":[64],"being":[68],"generated":[69],"users":[72],"UAVs":[74],"used":[79,111],"training":[81],"learning":[83,106],"models":[84],"to":[85,120,176,193,235,245],"support":[86,246],"various":[87,290],"applications":[89,252],"autonomous":[92],"navigation,":[93],"facial":[94],"recognition,":[95],"person":[97,209],"re-identification":[98],"(ReID).":[99],"To":[100,145,197],"tackle":[101],"challenge,":[104],"federated":[105],"(FL)":[107],"has":[108],"been":[109],"widely":[110],"solution":[115],"it":[117],"only":[118],"needs":[119],"share":[121],"update":[123],"model":[124],"parameters":[125],"with":[126,273],"centralised":[128,182],"server":[129,183],"without":[130],"transmitting":[131],"raw":[133],"data.":[134],"However,":[135],"conventional":[136],"FL":[137,158,175],"still":[138],"faces":[139],"issue":[141,239],"single-point-of-failure.":[144,196],"address":[146,236],"these":[147],"issues,":[148],"in":[149,188,212,243,253],"this":[150],"paper,":[151],"we":[152,206,223],"propose":[153],"BDFL,":[154],"Blockchain-enabled":[156],"decentralised":[157,172,190],"framework":[159,261],"systems.":[165],"our":[167,199],"framework,":[168],"Blockchain":[169,192,242],"provides":[170],"network":[173],"eliminate":[177],"need":[179],"store":[185],"private":[186],"permissioned":[191],"avoid":[194],"motivate":[198],"study":[200],"analyse":[202],"concerns,":[205],"employ":[207],"ReID":[210],"application":[211],"typical":[219],"example.":[220],"addition,":[222],"provide":[225],"customised":[227],"proof":[228],"quality":[230],"factor":[231],"(cPoQF)":[232],"consensus":[233],"protocol":[234],"scalability":[238],"order":[244],"increasing":[248],"number":[249],"system.":[256],"The":[257],"effectiveness":[258],"demonstrated":[263],"through":[264],"experiments":[265],"on":[266,276],"energy":[267],"efficiency,":[268],"confirmation":[269],"time":[270],"throughput,":[272],"further":[274],"discussion":[275],"impact":[278],"incentive":[281],"mechanism,":[282],"analysis":[285],"resiliency":[288],"under":[289],"security":[291],"attacks.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}