{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379537637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591281","title":"Obtaining Information Leakage Bounds via Approximate Model Counting","display_name":"Obtaining Information Leakage Bounds via Approximate Model Counting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379537637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591281","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591281","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052862590","display_name":"Seemanta Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6427-9068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seemanta Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6427-9068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092102733","display_name":"Surendra Ghentiyala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surendra Ghentiyala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6968-4059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101689982","display_name":"Songhe Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0003-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0003-243X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061187880","display_name":"Lucas Bang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-5548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133543626","display_name":"Harvey Mudd College","ror":"https://ror.org/025ecfn45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133543626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvey Mudd College, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-5548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvey Mudd College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133543626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039991493","display_name":"Tevfik Bultan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-1215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tevfik Bultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Santa Barbara, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-1215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4276,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84206936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"PLDI","first_page":"1488","last_page":"1509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7373829483985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.7211412191390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5400851964950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.5324503183364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5056660175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4694022238254547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.4640321731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.44170570373535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4308015704154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.4133603572845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3851718306541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3275721073150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2452848255634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18128737807273865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7373829483985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.7211412191390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5400851964950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.5324503183364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5056660175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4694022238254547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.4640321731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.44170570373535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4308015704154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.4133603572845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3851718306541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3275721073150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2452848255634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18128737807273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591281","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591281","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G200098691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1901098, CCF-1817242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2014798942","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SHF: Small: Automated Quantitative Assessment of Testing Difficulty","funder_award_id":"2008660","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2447864326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CF-2008660, CCF-1901098, CCF-1817242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3850684886","display_name":"SHF: Medium: Collaborative Research: HUGS: Human-Guided Software Testing and Analysis for Scalable Bug Detection and Repair","funder_award_id":"1901098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G417020745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1901098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4242646364","display_name":"SHF: Small: Differential Policy Verification and Repair for Access Control in the Cloud","funder_award_id":"1817242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4294274658","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2008660","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5936121604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2008660, CCF-1901098, CCF-1817242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379537637.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379537637.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1671637897","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1878475345","https://openalex.org/W2002603218","https://openalex.org/W2060573639","https://openalex.org/W2062873592","https://openalex.org/W2111552846","https://openalex.org/W2119966192","https://openalex.org/W2129740858","https://openalex.org/W2132218308","https://openalex.org/W2143744897","https://openalex.org/W2144992712","https://openalex.org/W2156585713","https://openalex.org/W2204772115","https://openalex.org/W2515614845","https://openalex.org/W2758227629","https://openalex.org/W2863410800","https://openalex.org/W2972890845","https://openalex.org/W3014965228","https://openalex.org/W3021280274","https://openalex.org/W3027865947","https://openalex.org/W3039999392","https://openalex.org/W3100193880","https://openalex.org/W4242422263","https://openalex.org/W4248431727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106969392","https://openalex.org/W1595551935","https://openalex.org/W2360781613","https://openalex.org/W2157160400","https://openalex.org/W2138926267","https://openalex.org/W1646148796","https://openalex.org/W72518666","https://openalex.org/W2515614845","https://openalex.org/W2039304128","https://openalex.org/W1582638358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"leaks":[1,26],"are":[2,50],"a":[3,92,126,135],"significant":[4],"problem":[5],"in":[6,27,43,57,154],"modern":[7],"software":[8],"systems.":[9],"In":[10],"recent":[11,30],"years,":[12],"information":[13,25,47,59,96,102,152],"theoretic":[14],"concepts,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,142],"Shannon":[18],"entropy,":[19],"have":[20],"been":[21],"applied":[22],"to":[23,33,45,71,85,124,145],"quantifying":[24,58],"programs.":[28,156],"One":[29],"approach":[31,141],"is":[32,112,122],"use":[34],"symbolic":[35,94],"execution":[36,66,74],"together":[37],"with":[38],"model":[39,118,128],"counting":[40,78,119],"constraints":[41,79],"solvers":[42,80],"order":[44],"quantify":[46],"leakage.":[48],"There":[49],"at":[51],"least":[52],"two":[53],"reasons":[54],"for":[55,105,147,151],"unsoundness":[56],"leakage":[60,103,153],"using":[61],"this":[62],"approach:":[63],"1)":[64],"Symbolic":[65],"may":[67,81],"not":[68,82,113],"be":[69,83],"able":[70,84],"explore":[72],"all":[73],"paths,":[75],"2)":[76],"Model":[77],"provide":[86,125],"an":[87,132,143],"exact":[88],"count.":[89],"We":[90,138],"present":[91],"sound":[93,149],"quantitative":[95],"flow":[97],"analysis":[98],"that":[99],"bounds":[100,150],"the":[101,106,109,117],"both":[104],"cases":[107],"where":[108],"program":[110],"behavior":[111],"fully":[114],"explored":[115],"and":[116,134],"constraint":[120],"solver":[121],"unable":[123],"precise":[127],"count":[129],"but":[130],"provides":[131],"upper":[133],"lower":[136],"bound.":[137],"implemented":[139],"our":[140],"extension":[144],"KLEE":[146],"computing":[148],"C":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}