{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379537666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591247","title":"Psym: Efficient Symbolic Exploration of Distributed Systems","display_name":"Psym: Efficient Symbolic Exploration of Distributed Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379537666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591247","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591247","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026041828","display_name":"Lauren Pick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-5383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Pick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, USA / University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, USA / University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042181450","display_name":"Ankush Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-0100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankush Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041231710","display_name":"Aarti Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-9400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aarti Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026041828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1987,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47959343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"PLDI","first_page":"660","last_page":"685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8490642309188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7559201717376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5202692151069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5178875923156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5096840858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4770181179046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47523143887519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46998846530914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.43355774879455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-fly","display_name":"On the fly","score":0.41330787539482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22411483526229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18659073114395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.10315510630607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08972334861755371}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8490642309188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7559201717376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5202692151069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5178875923156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5096840858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4770181179046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47523143887519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46998846530914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.43355774879455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.41330787539482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22411483526229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18659073114395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.10315510630607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08972334861755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591247","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3591247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3591247","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3591247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1696541877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1837030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4019597227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2127309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4056841918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2127309, 1837030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8439324738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2127309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308633","funder_display_name":"Computing Research Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308633","display_name":"Computing Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/00agrkd75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379537666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379537666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146475325","https://openalex.org/W147489498","https://openalex.org/W172265393","https://openalex.org/W1497571013","https://openalex.org/W1517165545","https://openalex.org/W1540501475","https://openalex.org/W1548806133","https://openalex.org/W1549714654","https://openalex.org/W1554834491","https://openalex.org/W1561112849","https://openalex.org/W1565898282","https://openalex.org/W1566086941","https://openalex.org/W1657354101","https://openalex.org/W1787074469","https://openalex.org/W1972085995","https://openalex.org/W1972433423","https://openalex.org/W1979693894","https://openalex.org/W1993662467","https://openalex.org/W1994026499","https://openalex.org/W2008078972","https://openalex.org/W2040060046","https://openalex.org/W2043100293","https://openalex.org/W2057156093","https://openalex.org/W2061438988","https://openalex.org/W2065675749","https://openalex.org/W2072062729","https://openalex.org/W2080267935","https://openalex.org/W2087019828","https://openalex.org/W2091776255","https://openalex.org/W2098830227","https://openalex.org/W2114407468","https://openalex.org/W2114823082","https://openalex.org/W2115309705","https://openalex.org/W2125047630","https://openalex.org/W2131848219","https://openalex.org/W2135948849","https://openalex.org/W2136601052","https://openalex.org/W2143502475","https://openalex.org/W2145098440","https://openalex.org/W2147323041","https://openalex.org/W2167814583","https://openalex.org/W2169870841","https://openalex.org/W2171469152","https://openalex.org/W2274037101","https://openalex.org/W2295903414","https://openalex.org/W2296019735","https://openalex.org/W2410019603","https://openalex.org/W2776248742","https://openalex.org/W2777404089","https://openalex.org/W2778798134","https://openalex.org/W2803341075","https://openalex.org/W2803843036","https://openalex.org/W2894638380","https://openalex.org/W2898333178","https://openalex.org/W2904222803","https://openalex.org/W2960694955","https://openalex.org/W2963322207","https://openalex.org/W2964276056","https://openalex.org/W2971743981","https://openalex.org/W2981638325","https://openalex.org/W2996406784","https://openalex.org/W3013530784","https://openalex.org/W3024549290","https://openalex.org/W3098882403","https://openalex.org/W3173563914","https://openalex.org/W3206576546","https://openalex.org/W4237492309","https://openalex.org/W4376598654","https://openalex.org/W6686169942","https://openalex.org/W6931713075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2385146268","https://openalex.org/W1596201972","https://openalex.org/W1967954938","https://openalex.org/W2375463041","https://openalex.org/W1986253068","https://openalex.org/W2380023786","https://openalex.org/W2546696010","https://openalex.org/W1597592026","https://openalex.org/W1992741870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Verification":[0],"of":[1,10,15,36,46,94],"distributed":[2,95,154],"systems":[3],"using":[4],"systematic":[5],"exploration":[6,35,60,147],"is":[7,114],"daunting":[8],"because":[9],"the":[11,136],"many":[12,152],"possible":[13],"interleavings":[14,45],"messages":[16],"and":[17,43,69,121,124,139,156],"failures.":[18],"When":[19],"faced":[20],"with":[21,116,122],"this":[22,53],"scalability":[23],"challenge,":[24],"existing":[25],"approaches":[26],"have":[27],"traditionally":[28],"mitigated":[29],"state":[30,41],"space":[31],"explosion":[32],"by":[33],"avoiding":[34,103,128],"redundant":[37,44,74,129],"states":[38,68,82],"(e.g.,":[39,48],"via":[40,49],"hashing)":[42],"transitions":[47],"partial-order":[50,123],"reductions).":[51],"In":[52],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"present":[56],"an":[57,111],"efficient":[58],"symbolic":[59,86],"method":[61],"that":[62,76,113,142],"not":[63],"only":[64],"avoids":[65,73],"redundancies":[66,105],"in":[67,135],"interleavings,":[70],"but":[71],"additionally":[72],"computations":[75],"are":[77],"performed":[78],"during":[79],"updates":[80],"to":[81,99,159],"on":[83],"transitions.":[84],"Our":[85],"explorer":[87,108],"leverages":[88],"a":[89,145],"novel,":[90],"fine-grained,":[91],"canonical":[92],"representation":[93],"system":[96],"configurations":[97],"(states)":[98],"identify":[100],"opportunities":[101],"for":[102,118,127],"such":[104],"on-the-fly.":[106],"The":[107],"also":[109],"includes":[110],"interface":[112],"compatible":[115],"abstractions":[117],"state-space":[119],"reduction":[120],"other":[125],"reductions":[126],"interleavings.":[130],"We":[131],"implement":[132],"our":[133],"approach":[134],"tool":[137],"Psym":[138],"empirically":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"it":[143],"outperforms":[144],"state-of-the-art":[146],"tool,":[148],"can":[149,157],"successfully":[150],"verify":[151],"common":[153],"protocols,":[155],"scale":[158],"multiple":[160],"real-world":[161],"industrial":[162],"case":[163],"studies":[164],"across":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}