{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378554181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590777.3590792","title":"Robustness of Image-Based Malware Classification Models trained with Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"Robustness of Image-Based Malware Classification Models trained with Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378554181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590777.3590792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590777.3590792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3590777.3590792","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590777.3590792?download=true","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Interdisciplinary Cybersecurity Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590777.3590792?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014627707","display_name":"C.H. Reilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4199-4252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciaran Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technological University Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4199-4252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological University Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112924525","display_name":"Stephen O Shaughnessy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen O Shaughnessy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technological University Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-6512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological University Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057786199","display_name":"Christina Thorpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-883X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Thorpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technological University Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-883X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological University Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8476,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86077752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"92","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8749052286148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79941725730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7346706986427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6654585599899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6639517545700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6217203140258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5969201326370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.5422895550727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5067716240882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.5050001740455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4773062467575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4589338004589081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4490165114402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3545847535133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08910101652145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.06284266710281372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8749052286148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79941725730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7346706986427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6654585599899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6639517545700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6217203140258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5969201326370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.5422895550727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5067716240882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.5050001740455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4773062467575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4589338004589081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4490165114402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3545847535133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08910101652145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.06284266710281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590777.3590792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3590777.3590792","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590777.3590792?download=true","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Interdisciplinary Cybersecurity Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arrow.tudublin.ie:scschcomcon-1431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scschcomcon/408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196307","display_name":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Conference papers","raw_type":"conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590777.3590792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3590777.3590792","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590777.3590792?download=true","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Interdisciplinary Cybersecurity Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378554181.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378554181.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2099474155","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2783348159","https://openalex.org/W2804368608","https://openalex.org/W2889100747","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2964197269","https://openalex.org/W3006334803","https://openalex.org/W3007032623","https://openalex.org/W3048346961","https://openalex.org/W3090800462","https://openalex.org/W4293580221","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4297747285","https://openalex.org/W4297814571","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W4300511536","https://openalex.org/W4300547784","https://openalex.org/W4302807613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W3090206042","https://openalex.org/W3158596343","https://openalex.org/W4285322112","https://openalex.org/W4300006469","https://openalex.org/W4292794239","https://openalex.org/W4385572030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"malware":[1,12,71],"continues":[2],"to":[3,25,30,51,68,79,112,121,149],"evolve,":[4],"deep":[5,43,146],"learning":[6,44,147],"models":[7,45,81,87,148],"are":[8],"increasingly":[9],"used":[10,24,67,78],"for":[11],"detection":[13,32],"and":[14,63,73],"classification,":[15],"including":[16],"image-based":[17],"classification.":[18],"However,":[19,115],"adversarial":[20,119,154],"attacks":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23],"perturb":[26],"images":[27,120],"so":[28],"as":[29],"evade":[31],"by":[33],"these":[34],"models.":[35,131],"This":[36,132],"study":[37,133],"investigates":[38],"the":[39,70,83,104,116,122,127,130,135,143],"effectiveness":[40],"of":[41,118,129,138,145],"training":[42,123,144],"with":[46],"Generative":[47],"Adversarial":[48],"Network-generated":[49],"data":[50,124,141],"improve":[52,150],"their":[53,151],"robustness":[54,152],"against":[55,91,153],"such":[56],"attacks.":[57,155],"Two":[58],"image":[59,84],"conversion":[60],"methods,":[61],"byteplot":[62],"space-filling":[64],"curves,":[65],"were":[66,88],"represent":[69],"samples,":[72],"a":[74,92],"ResNet-50":[75],"architecture":[76],"was":[77,98],"train":[80],"on":[82],"datasets.":[85],"The":[86],"then":[89],"tested":[90],"projected":[93],"gradient":[94],"descent":[95],"attack.":[96],"It":[97],"found":[99],"that":[100],"without":[101],"GAN-generated":[102,140],"data,":[103],"models\u2019":[105],"prediction":[106],"performance":[107],"drastically":[108],"decreased":[109],"from":[110],"93-95%":[111],"4.5%":[113],"accuracy.":[114],"addition":[117],"almost":[125],"doubled":[126],"accuracy":[128],"highlights":[134],"potential":[136],"benefits":[137],"incorporating":[139],"in":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}