{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362554621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590773","title":"VISCOUNTH: A Large-scale Multilingual Visual Question Answering Dataset for Cultural Heritage","display_name":"VISCOUNTH: A Large-scale Multilingual Visual Question Answering Dataset for Cultural Heritage","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362554621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590773","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590773","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590773","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065891142","display_name":"Federico Becattini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-2700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Becattini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-2700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103137030","display_name":"Pietro Bongini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-6266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Bongini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-6266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078527613","display_name":"Luana Bulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-853X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luana Bulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology of Cognition, National Research Council, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-853X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology of Cognition, National Research Council, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081506611","display_name":"Alberto Del Bimbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-8322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Del Bimbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-8322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014649225","display_name":"Ludovica Marinucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-8819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludovica Marinucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology of Cognition, National Research Council, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-8819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology of Cognition, National Research Council, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007291317","display_name":"Misael Mongiov\u0131\u0300","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-5490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Misael Mongiov\u00ec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Science and Technology of Cognition, National Research Council, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-5490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Science and Technology of Cognition, National Research Council, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007281490","display_name":"Valentina Presutti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-5160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Presutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-5160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0169,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88644951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.7996636629104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-heritage","display_name":"Cultural heritage","score":0.7879202365875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.68696528673172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5856108665466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.574062705039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.540373682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5260883569717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.41941362619400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3647013306617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35602763295173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32396551966667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12555652856826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.10091736912727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07886296510696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07604655623435974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7996636629104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272","display_name":"Cultural heritage","level":2,"score":0.7879202365875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.68696528673172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5856108665466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.574062705039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.540373682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5260883569717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41941362619400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3647013306617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35602763295173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32396551966667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12555652856826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10091736912727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07886296510696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07604655623435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590773","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590773","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/1230154","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1230154","pdf_url":"https://usiena-air.unisi.it/bitstream/11365/1230154/1/3590773.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590773","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590773","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1284547951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101004545","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362554621.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362554621.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102708294","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1869062475","https://openalex.org/W1933349210","https://openalex.org/W2038880450","https://openalex.org/W2061048119","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2161753062","https://openalex.org/W2186222003","https://openalex.org/W2189070436","https://openalex.org/W2277195237","https://openalex.org/W2558687840","https://openalex.org/W2561529111","https://openalex.org/W2601530120","https://openalex.org/W2602633191","https://openalex.org/W2615385056","https://openalex.org/W2615497679","https://openalex.org/W2733092256","https://openalex.org/W2804137815","https://openalex.org/W2884238566","https://openalex.org/W2891021031","https://openalex.org/W2913059114","https://openalex.org/W2946574595","https://openalex.org/W2947312908","https://openalex.org/W2954598292","https://openalex.org/W2962749469","https://openalex.org/W2963150162","https://openalex.org/W2963656855","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963954913","https://openalex.org/W2964303913","https://openalex.org/W2966317026","https://openalex.org/W2966683369","https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W2970627384","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W2979201763","https://openalex.org/W2981165461","https://openalex.org/W2988326850","https://openalex.org/W3003380153","https://openalex.org/W3012716110","https://openalex.org/W3013144904","https://openalex.org/W3017187355","https://openalex.org/W3035454069","https://openalex.org/W3035688398","https://openalex.org/W3081104375","https://openalex.org/W3093547668","https://openalex.org/W3098967712","https://openalex.org/W3130295820","https://openalex.org/W3140428646","https://openalex.org/W3143866280","https://openalex.org/W3173038784","https://openalex.org/W3201068857","https://openalex.org/W4286255293","https://openalex.org/W4293657220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2387743295","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W1557905920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"question":[1,56],"answering":[2,57],"has":[3],"recently":[4],"been":[5],"settled":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,77,102,157],"fundamental":[9],"multi-modal":[10],"reasoning":[11,110],"task":[12,37,107],"of":[13,54,67,105,134],"artificial":[14],"intelligence":[15],"that":[16,89,108,130],"allows":[17],"users":[18],"to":[19,40,160],"get":[20],"information":[21],"about":[22],"visual":[23,55,114,162],"content":[24,115],"by":[25,64],"asking":[26],"questions":[27,165],"in":[28,43,148],"natural":[29,119],"language.":[30],"In":[31],"the":[32,52,65,106,113,131,135,171],"cultural":[33,46,60,87,94],"heritage":[34,61,88],"domain,":[35],"this":[36,73,126,149],"can":[38],"contribute":[39],"assisting":[41],"visitors":[42],"museums":[44],"and":[45,80,83,96,116,122,163,166],"sites,":[47],"thus":[48],"increasing":[49],"engagement.":[50],"However,":[51],"development":[53],"models":[58],"for":[59,86,125],"is":[62,137,151],"prevented":[63],"lack":[66],"suitable":[68],"large-scale":[69,78],"datasets.":[70],"To":[71],"meet":[72],"demand,":[74],"we":[75,154],"built":[76],"heterogeneous":[79],"multilingual":[81],"(Italian":[82],"English)":[84],"dataset":[85],"comprises":[90],"approximately":[91],"500K":[92],"Italian":[93],"assets":[95],"6.5M":[97],"question-answer":[98],"pairs.":[99],"We":[100],"propose":[101],"novel":[103],"formulation":[104],"requires":[109],"over":[111],"both":[112],"an":[117],"associated":[118],"language":[120],"description,":[121],"present":[123,156],"baselines":[124],"task.":[127],"Results":[128],"show":[129],"current":[132],"state":[133],"art":[136],"reasonably":[138],"effective":[139],"but":[140],"still":[141],"far":[142],"from":[143],"satisfactory;":[144],"therefore,":[145],"further":[146],"research":[147,169],"area":[150],"recommended.":[152],"Nonetheless,":[153],"also":[155],"holistic":[158],"baseline":[159],"address":[161],"contextual":[164],"foster":[167],"future":[168],"on":[170],"topic.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}