{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388989649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590140.3629108","title":"LO","display_name":"LO","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388989649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590140.3629108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590140.3629108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590140.3629108","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590140.3629108","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Middleware Conference on ZZZ","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590140.3629108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006890722","display_name":"Bulat Nasrulin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-2913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bulat Nasrulin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-2913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028904686","display_name":"Georgy Ishmaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-5140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgy Ishmaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-5140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087577380","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Decouchant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9143-3984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Decouchant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9143-3984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042627015","display_name":"Johan Pouwelse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-1506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Pouwelse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-1506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006890722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9309187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"98","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7195241451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.710067093372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6096230745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5752124190330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5271498560905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4490807056427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.44360679388046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40133145451545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.23770982027053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1822013258934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08716133236885071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7195241451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.710067093372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6096230745315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5752124190330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5271498560905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4490807056427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.44360679388046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40133145451545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.23770982027053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1822013258934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08716133236885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590140.3629108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590140.3629108","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590140.3629108","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Middleware Conference on ZZZ","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:c31679a7-14f0-4a1e-bf48-0483b3d04647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c31679a7-14f0-4a1e-bf48-0483b3d04647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3590140.3629108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3590140.3629108","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3590140.3629108","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Middleware Conference on ZZZ","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388989649.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388989649.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022929184","https://openalex.org/W2058897176","https://openalex.org/W2086266870","https://openalex.org/W2103863878","https://openalex.org/W2357843841","https://openalex.org/W2795163135","https://openalex.org/W2970196897","https://openalex.org/W3013718028","https://openalex.org/W3096210269","https://openalex.org/W3120405143","https://openalex.org/W3127487854","https://openalex.org/W3134702777","https://openalex.org/W3137707325","https://openalex.org/W3161459417","https://openalex.org/W3200093559","https://openalex.org/W3203242817","https://openalex.org/W3212977345","https://openalex.org/W4210896998","https://openalex.org/W4220853208","https://openalex.org/W4221162551","https://openalex.org/W4240018112","https://openalex.org/W4245560098","https://openalex.org/W4308219223","https://openalex.org/W4312796487","https://openalex.org/W4312819433","https://openalex.org/W4327569447","https://openalex.org/W4384705384","https://openalex.org/W4385080392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W4256502920","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W2999756192","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W4382701072","https://openalex.org/W1658882345","https://openalex.org/W2781863720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manipulation":[0],"of":[1,28,70,80,114,119,124],"user":[2],"transactions":[3,136],"by":[4],"miners":[5,131],"in":[6,149],"permissionless":[7],"blockchain":[8,81],"systems":[9],"is":[10,16,32,56,61,108,170],"a":[11,17,125,140,150,176],"growing":[12],"concern.":[13],"This":[14],"problem":[15],"pervasive":[18],"and":[19,31,50,103,117,145,156,173],"systemic":[20],"issue":[21],"that":[22,63,168],"incurs":[23],"high":[24],"costs":[25],"for":[26,73],"users":[27],"decentralised":[29],"applications":[30],"known":[33,62,88],"as":[34,46],"Miner":[35],"Extractable":[36],"Value":[37],"(MEV).":[38],"Furthermore,":[39],"transaction":[40,54,71,89,105,115],"manipulations":[41,55,116],"create":[42],"other":[43],"issues":[44],"such":[45],"congestion,":[47],"higher":[48],"fees,":[49],"system":[51],"instability.":[52],"Detecting":[53],"difficult,":[57],"even":[58],"though":[59],"it":[60],"they":[64,137],"originate":[65],"from":[66],"the":[67,77,111,122,135],"pre-consensus":[68],"phase":[69],"selection":[72],"building":[74],"blocks,":[75],"at":[76,121],"base":[78,97],"layer":[79,98],"protocols.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"we":[86],"summarize":[87],"manipulation":[90],"attacks.":[91],"We":[92],"present":[93],"LO,":[94],"an":[95],"accountable":[96],"protocol":[99],"designed":[100],"to":[101,132,146],"detect":[102],"mitigate":[104],"manipulations.":[106],"LO":[107,129,154,169],"built":[109],"around":[110],"accurate":[112],"detection":[113],"assignment":[118],"blame":[120],"granularity":[123],"single":[126],"mining":[127],"node.":[128],"forces":[130],"log":[133],"all":[134],"receive":[138],"into":[139],"secure":[141],"mempool":[142],"data":[143],"structure":[144],"process":[147],"them":[148],"verifiable":[151],"manner.":[152],"Overall,":[153],"quickly":[155],"efficiently":[157],"detects":[158],"censorship,":[159],"injection":[160],"or":[161],"re-ordering":[162],"attempts.":[163],"Our":[164],"performance":[165,178],"evaluation":[166],"shows":[167],"also":[171],"practical":[172],"only":[174],"introduces":[175],"marginal":[177],"overhead.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-11-25T00:00:00"}