{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381328603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589773","title":"GoldMiner: Elastic Scaling of Training Data Pre-Processing Pipelines for Deep Learning","display_name":"GoldMiner: Elastic Scaling of Training Data Pre-Processing Pipelines for Deep Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381328603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101987114","display_name":"Hanyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group & Peking University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-0016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group & Peking University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102862758","display_name":"Zhi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8219-4499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8219-4499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101580524","display_name":"Yu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9436-674X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University & Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9436-674X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University & Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101588697","display_name":"Chao Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8196-7815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University & Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8196-7815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University & Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043214877","display_name":"Shiru Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-2009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiru Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-2009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086945155","display_name":"Wencong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-522X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wencong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-522X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102778642","display_name":"Man Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2045-4408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2045-4408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102735620","display_name":"Langshi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4800-3782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langshi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4800-3782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086267210","display_name":"Kaibo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9302-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaibo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University & Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9302-4953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University & Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101536532","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2036-9764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2036-9764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092212363","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9072-3170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636012","display_name":"Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-0150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-0150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101987114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I45928872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82287072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7932727336883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7084801197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.632019579410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.5368571281433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4910848140716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.469757080078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-cluster","display_name":"Computer cluster","score":0.46402767300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.45734500885009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.415862500667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36551177501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3349902331829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3225979208946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.27687475085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21200969815254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.18944230675697327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7932727336883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7084801197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.632019579410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.5368571281433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4910848140716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.469757080078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29140674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206637","display_name":"Computer cluster","level":2,"score":0.46402767300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.45734500885009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.415862500667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36551177501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3349902331829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3225979208946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.27687475085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21200969815254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18944230675697327}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7496154104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0110202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2027731328","https://openalex.org/W2082171780","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2131975293","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2475334473","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2723293840","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2804032941","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2883830791","https://openalex.org/W2884700152","https://openalex.org/W2893114493","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2899071864","https://openalex.org/W2910100551","https://openalex.org/W2919594608","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2981758446","https://openalex.org/W3022298203","https://openalex.org/W3035682985","https://openalex.org/W3037749908","https://openalex.org/W3080451848","https://openalex.org/W3080999573","https://openalex.org/W3093945404","https://openalex.org/W3095922049","https://openalex.org/W3097841484","https://openalex.org/W3101104221","https://openalex.org/W3136172274","https://openalex.org/W3138303811","https://openalex.org/W3153687269","https://openalex.org/W3173154111","https://openalex.org/W3195724308","https://openalex.org/W3196732841","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4212986322","https://openalex.org/W4220938834","https://openalex.org/W4224903494","https://openalex.org/W4287594180","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6774508117","https://openalex.org/W6784871562","https://openalex.org/W6810475161","https://openalex.org/W6811418258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657880117","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W1001352512","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2126622512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Training":[0],"data":[1,30,84,93,100,111,118,156,187,192,225,259],"pre-processing":[2,31,92,101,119,157],"pipelines":[3],"are":[4],"essential":[5],"to":[6,120,132,172,194,201,209,223,233,248],"deep":[7],"learning":[8],"(DL).":[9],"As":[10],"the":[11,29,43,51,110,127,130,134,196],"performance":[12,75],"of":[13,42,117,137,178],"model":[14,96,103],"training":[15,54,74,104,138,181,221,229],"keeps":[16],"increasing":[17],"with":[18,65,261],"both":[19,73],"hardware":[20,67],"advancements":[21],"(e.g.,":[22],"faster":[23],"GPUs)":[24],"and":[25,38,69,76,148,166,189,212,242,250],"various":[26],"software":[27],"optimizations,":[28],"on":[32],"CPUs":[33],"is":[34,47,154,158],"becoming":[35],"more":[36],"resource-intensive":[37],"a":[39,106,123,145,179,253],"severe":[40],"bottleneck":[41],"pipeline.":[44],"This":[45,168],"problem":[46],"even":[48],"worse":[49],"in":[50,63,91,122,144,252],"cloud,":[52],"where":[53],"jobs":[55,200,230],"exhibit":[56],"diverse":[57,135],"CPU-GPU":[58],"demands":[59],"that":[60,155,216],"usually":[61],"result":[62],"mismatches":[64],"fixed":[66],"configurations":[68],"resource":[70,197],"fragmentation,":[71],"degrading":[72],"cluster":[77,131,203],"utilization.":[78],"We":[79,205],"introduce":[80],"GoldMiner,":[81],"an":[82],"input":[83],"processing":[85],"service":[86],"for":[87,94],"stateless":[88,175],"operations":[89],"used":[90],"DL":[95],"training.":[97],"GoldMiner":[98,140,171,208,217,235],"decouples":[99],"from":[102],"into":[105],"new":[107],"role":[108],"called":[109],"worker.":[112],"Data":[113],"workers":[114,193,260],"facilitate":[115],"scaling":[116],"anywhere":[121],"cluster,":[124,255],"effectively":[125],"pooling":[126],"resources":[128],"across":[129,186,199],"satisfy":[133],"requirements":[136],"jobs.":[139],"achieves":[141],"this":[142],"decoupling":[143],"fully":[146],"automatic":[147],"elastic":[149],"manner.":[150],"The":[151],"key":[152],"insight":[153,169],"inherently":[159],"stateless,":[160],"thus":[161],"can":[162,218],"be":[163],"executed":[164],"independently":[165],"elastically.":[167],"guides":[170],"automatically":[173],"extract":[174],"computation":[176],"out":[177],"monolithic":[180],"program,":[182],"efficiently":[183],"disaggregate":[184],"it":[185],"workers,":[188,226],"elastically":[190],"scale":[191],"tune":[195],"allocations":[198],"optimize":[202],"efficiency.":[204],"have":[206],"applied":[207],"industrial":[210],"workloads,":[211],"our":[213],"evaluation":[214],"shows":[215],"transform":[219],"unmodified":[220],"programs":[222],"use":[224],"accelerating":[227],"individual":[228],"by":[231,246,257],"up":[232,247],"12.1x.":[234],"also":[236],"improves":[237],"average":[238],"job":[239],"completion":[240],"time":[241],"aggregate":[243],"GPU":[244],"utilization":[245],"2.5x":[249],"2.1x":[251],"64-GPU":[254],"respectively,":[256],"scheduling":[258],"elasticity.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}