{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393336187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651959","title":"Detecting Financial Bots on the Ethereum Blockchain","display_name":"Detecting Financial Bots on the Ethereum Blockchain","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393336187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651959"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589335.3651959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651959","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589335.3651959","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589335.3651959","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065311684","display_name":"T. Niedermayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8464-8542"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Niedermayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iknaio Cryptoasset Analytics, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iknaio Cryptoasset Analytics, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067146201","display_name":"Pietro Saggese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7387-0846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Saggese","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078932059","display_name":"Bernhard Haslhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-4491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112164","display_name":"Complexity Science Hub","ror":"https://ror.org/023dz9m50","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Haslhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065311684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7211,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97133253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1742","last_page":"1751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7515894174575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.577824592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5689386129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5464630126953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5385488271713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.525009036064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5242912173271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5221060514450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger","display_name":"Distributed ledger","score":0.45090407133102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.44085076451301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.43841230869293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2096894085407257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1359333097934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11777889728546143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7515894174575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.577824592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5689386129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5464630126953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5385488271713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.525009036064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5242912173271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5221060514450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.45090407133102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.44085076451301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.43841230869293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2096894085407257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1359333097934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11777889728546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589335.3651959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651959","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589335.3651959","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.19530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.19530","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.19530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589335.3651959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651959","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589335.3651959","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393336187.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2897765576","https://openalex.org/W2902756944","https://openalex.org/W2921674422","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2964139938","https://openalex.org/W2969297966","https://openalex.org/W3016124762","https://openalex.org/W3023973926","https://openalex.org/W3134196592","https://openalex.org/W3162358200","https://openalex.org/W3196202154","https://openalex.org/W4221148602","https://openalex.org/W4225117271","https://openalex.org/W4235176056","https://openalex.org/W4246999750","https://openalex.org/W4287203512","https://openalex.org/W4288072839","https://openalex.org/W4289438415","https://openalex.org/W4292387255","https://openalex.org/W4308902071","https://openalex.org/W4318481345","https://openalex.org/W4353004461","https://openalex.org/W4367310740","https://openalex.org/W4387987225","https://openalex.org/W4398161031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253897078","https://openalex.org/W4283163498","https://openalex.org/W3160375675","https://openalex.org/W4221010187","https://openalex.org/W4283257700","https://openalex.org/W4320037181","https://openalex.org/W3164536060","https://openalex.org/W4360999634","https://openalex.org/W4392013030","https://openalex.org/W4396593594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,131],"integration":[1],"of":[2,40,71,108,145,161],"bots":[3,73,127],"in":[4,43],"Distributed":[5],"Ledger":[6],"Technologies":[7],"(DLTs)":[8],"fosters":[9],"efficiency":[10],"and":[11,22,25,53,84,98,111,120],"automation.":[12],"However,":[13],"their":[14],"use":[15],"is":[16,33,135,154],"also":[17],"associated":[18],"with":[19,140,158],"predatory":[20],"trading":[21],"market":[23],"manipulation,":[24],"can":[26],"pose":[27],"threats":[28],"to":[29,36,88,125,169],"system":[30],"integrity.":[31],"It":[32],"therefore":[34],"essential":[35],"understand":[37],"the":[38,69,75,148,171,180],"extent":[39],"bot":[41,113,182],"deployment":[42],"DLTs;":[44],"despite":[45],"this,":[46],"current":[47,181],"detection":[48,70,166],"systems":[49],"are":[50],"predominantly":[51],"rule-based":[52],"lack":[54],"flexibility.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"study,":[58],"we":[59,79,102,116],"present":[60],"a":[61,90,104,136,155],"novel":[62],"approach":[63],"that":[64],"utilizes":[65],"machine":[66,122,164],"learning":[67,123],"for":[68,92,151],"financial":[72,93],"on":[74,129],"Ethereum":[76,172],"platform.":[77],"First,":[78],"systematize":[80],"existing":[81],"scientific":[82],"literature":[83],"collect":[85],"anecdotal":[86],"evidence":[87],"establish":[89],"taxonomy":[91],"bots,":[94],"comprising":[95],"7":[96],"categories":[97],"24":[99],"subcategories.":[100],"Next,":[101],"create":[103],"ground-truth":[105],"dataset":[106],"consisting":[107],"133":[109],"human":[110],"137":[112],"addresses.":[114],"Third,":[115],"employ":[117],"both":[118],"unsupervised":[119],"supervised":[121],"algorithms":[124],"detect":[126],"deployed":[128],"Ethereum.":[130],"highest-performing":[132,149],"clustering":[133],"algorithm":[134],"Gaussian":[137],"Mixture":[138],"Model":[139],"an":[141,159],"average":[142],"cluster":[143],"purity":[144],"82.6%,":[146],"while":[147],"model":[150],"binary":[152],"classification":[153],"Random":[156],"Forest":[157],"accuracy":[160],"83%.":[162],"Our":[163],"learning-based":[165],"mechanism":[167],"contributes":[168],"understanding":[170],"ecosystem":[173],"dynamics":[174],"by":[175],"providing":[176],"additional":[177],"insights":[178],"into":[179],"landscape.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}