{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396757505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645420","title":"Which LLM to Play? Convergence-Aware Online Model Selection with Time-Increasing Bandits","display_name":"Which LLM to Play? Convergence-Aware Online Model Selection with Time-Increasing Bandits","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396757505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589334.3645420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374652","display_name":"Yu Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9800-1051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University & University of Michigan, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University & University of Michigan, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091538328","display_name":"Fang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-8911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767817","display_name":"Tong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-5614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062179288","display_name":"Liya Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-2814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liya Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009957887","display_name":"Ryan A. Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-0635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan A. Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718934","display_name":"Sungchul Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungchul Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066355409","display_name":"Shuai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100374652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90588178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4059","last_page":"4070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.7540309429168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7132570743560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6506844758987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4396994113922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34639641642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.05947709083557129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7540309429168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7132570743560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6506844758987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4396994113922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34639641642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.05947709083557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589334.3645420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4049488628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022ZD0114804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8365001796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1751431909","https://openalex.org/W1891643597","https://openalex.org/W2556522401","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2601096073","https://openalex.org/W2888482885","https://openalex.org/W2964132277","https://openalex.org/W2998125499","https://openalex.org/W2998732476","https://openalex.org/W3024308166","https://openalex.org/W3030314836","https://openalex.org/W3034775979","https://openalex.org/W3102381603","https://openalex.org/W4212774754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web-based":[0],"applications":[1],"such":[2,124],"as":[3,140],"chatbots,":[4],"search":[5],"engines":[6],"and":[7,15,54,99,151],"news":[8],"recommendations":[9],"continue":[10],"to":[11,38,41,62,106,122,132,147],"grow":[12],"in":[13,21,127,137],"scale":[14],"complexity":[16],"with":[17],"the":[18,22,39,43,94,134,141],"recent":[19,116],"surge":[20],"adoption":[23],"of":[24,97],"large":[25],"language":[26],"models":[27],"(LLMs).":[28],"Online":[29],"model":[30,45,85,128,138,142,153],"selection":[31,79],"has":[32],"thus":[33],"garnered":[34],"increasing":[35],"attention":[36],"due":[37],"need":[40],"choose":[42],"best":[44],"among":[46],"a":[47,64,69],"diverse":[48],"set":[49],"while":[50],"balancing":[51],"task":[52],"reward":[53],"exploration":[55],"cost.":[56],"Organizations":[57],"faces":[58],"decisions":[59],"like":[60],"whether":[61],"employ":[63],"costly":[65],"API-based":[66],"LLM":[67],"or":[68],"locally":[70],"finetuned":[71],"small":[72],"LLM,":[73],"weighing":[74],"cost":[75],"against":[76],"performance.":[77],"Traditional":[78],"methods":[80],"often":[81],"evaluate":[82],"every":[83],"candidate":[84],"before":[86],"choosing":[87],"one,":[88],"which":[89],"are":[90],"becoming":[91],"impractical":[92],"given":[93],"rising":[95],"costs":[96],"training":[98],"finetuning":[100],"LLMs.":[101],"Moreover,":[102],"it":[103],"is":[104,143],"undesirable":[105],"allocate":[107],"excessive":[108],"resources":[109],"towards":[110],"exploring":[111],"poor-performing":[112],"models.":[113],"While":[114],"some":[115],"works":[117],"leverage":[118],"online":[119],"bandit":[120],"algorithm":[121],"manage":[123],"exploration-exploitation":[125],"trade-off":[126],"selection,":[129],"they":[130],"tend":[131],"overlook":[133],"increasing-then-converging":[135],"trend":[136],"performances":[139],"iteratively":[144],"finetuned,":[145],"leading":[146],"less":[148],"accurate":[149],"predictions":[150],"suboptimal":[152],"selections.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}