{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396757496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645407","title":"Trident: A Universal Framework for Fine-Grained and Class-Incremental Unknown Traffic Detection","display_name":"Trident: A Universal Framework for Fine-Grained and Class-Incremental Unknown Traffic Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396757496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589334.3645407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101902155","display_name":"Ziming Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziming Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022409306","display_name":"Zhaoxuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, CAS, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025336383","display_name":"Zhuoxue Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-2303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoxue Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362635","display_name":"Wenhao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, CAS, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403380","display_name":"Fan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101902155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9847661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1608","last_page":"1619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7835619449615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7321950197219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7014123797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trident","display_name":"Trident","score":0.5579610466957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5007164478302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4792882800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4755784571170807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.46366360783576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4296249747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.4283674359321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4275619685649872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3394644260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31232208013534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3068472146987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11031633615493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09807989001274109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7835619449615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7321950197219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7014123797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777909563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271628","display_name":"Trident","level":2,"score":0.5579610466957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5007164478302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4792882800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4755784571170807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.46366360783576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4296249747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4283674359321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4275619685649872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3394644260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31232208013534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3068472146987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11031633615493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09807989001274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589334.3645407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W1985987493","https://openalex.org/W1989454965","https://openalex.org/W1998559030","https://openalex.org/W2000756828","https://openalex.org/W2092144367","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2558600380","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2606697812","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2743617586","https://openalex.org/W2753594008","https://openalex.org/W2759431188","https://openalex.org/W2949311987","https://openalex.org/W2963183879","https://openalex.org/W2963197901","https://openalex.org/W3007237867","https://openalex.org/W3007562398","https://openalex.org/W3008207353","https://openalex.org/W3040389479","https://openalex.org/W3110824252","https://openalex.org/W3119160111","https://openalex.org/W3136284412","https://openalex.org/W3137832402","https://openalex.org/W3153208318","https://openalex.org/W3165871547","https://openalex.org/W3173170122","https://openalex.org/W3200583622","https://openalex.org/W4200262901","https://openalex.org/W4224315052","https://openalex.org/W4226086258","https://openalex.org/W4288079251","https://openalex.org/W4312401453","https://openalex.org/W4319994093","https://openalex.org/W4322706638","https://openalex.org/W4324007053","https://openalex.org/W4324007233","https://openalex.org/W4353004773","https://openalex.org/W4367047070","https://openalex.org/W4388867259","https://openalex.org/W4389937323","https://openalex.org/W4390571282","https://openalex.org/W4391558006","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6685380521","https://openalex.org/W6757634740","https://openalex.org/W6770444538","https://openalex.org/W6803990792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230348452","https://openalex.org/W4245382322","https://openalex.org/W2906485148","https://openalex.org/W2069491779","https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W3111802945","https://openalex.org/W2946096271","https://openalex.org/W2295423552","https://openalex.org/W1598471830","https://openalex.org/W3107369729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,47],"detect":[1],"unknown":[2,86],"attack":[3,41],"traffic,":[4,105],"anomaly-based":[5],"network":[6,123],"intrusion":[7],"detection":[8,42],"systems":[9],"(NIDSs)":[10],"are":[11,34,101],"widely":[12],"used":[13,102],"in":[14],"Internet":[15],"infrastructure.":[16],"However,":[17],"the":[18,55,74,145],"security":[19],"communities":[20],"realize":[21],"some":[22],"limitations":[23],"when":[24],"they":[25],"put":[26],"most":[27],"existing":[28],"proposals":[29],"into":[30,66],"practice.":[31],"The":[32],"challenges":[33],"mainly":[35],"concerned":[36],"with":[37],"(i)":[38],"fine-grained":[39,85],"emerging":[40],"and":[43,99,109,148],"(ii)":[44],"incremental":[45],"updates/adaptations.":[46],"tackle":[48],"these":[49],"problems,":[50],"we":[51,78,125],"propose":[52],"to":[53],"decouple":[54],"need":[56],"for":[57,84,103],"model":[58],"capabilities":[59],"by":[60],"transforming":[61],"known/new":[62],"class":[63],"identification":[64],"issues":[65],"multiple":[67],"independent":[68],"one-class":[69],"learning":[70],"tasks.":[71],"Based":[72],"on":[73],"above":[75],"core":[76],"ideas,":[77],"develop":[79],"Trident,":[80],"a":[81,136],"universal":[82],"framework":[83],"encrypted":[87],"traffic":[88],"detection.":[89],"It":[90],"consists":[91],"of":[92,113,122,138,150],"three":[93],"main":[94],"modules,":[95],"i.e.,":[96],"tSieve,":[97],"tScissors,":[98],"tMagnifier":[100],"profiling":[104],"determining":[106],"outlier":[107],"thresholds,":[108],"clustering":[110],"respectively,":[111],"each":[112],"which":[114],"supports":[115],"custom":[116],"configuration.":[117],"Using":[118],"four":[119],"popular":[120],"datasets":[121],"traces,":[124],"show":[126],"that":[127],"Trident":[128],"significantly":[129],"outperforms":[130],"16":[131],"state-of-the-art":[132],"(SOTA)":[133],"methods.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"series":[137],"experiments":[139],"(concept":[140],"drift,":[141],"overhead/parameter":[142],"evaluation)":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"stability,":[146],"scalability,":[147],"practicality":[149],"Trident.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
