{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390100399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589132.3625600","title":"NALSpatial: An Effective Natural Language Transformation Framework for Queries over Spatial Data","display_name":"NALSpatial: An Effective Natural Language Transformation Framework for Queries over Spatial Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390100399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589132.3625600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589132.3625600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589132.3625600","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589132.3625600","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589132.3625600","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101922635","display_name":"Mengyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9149-3272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9149-3272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080181368","display_name":"Xieyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-5405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xieyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-5405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082787636","display_name":"Jianqiu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-5234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-5234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079711114","display_name":"Hua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-6678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107707843","display_name":"Roskilde University","ror":"https://ror.org/014axpa37","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107707843"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-6678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107707843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8877063989639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-query","display_name":"Spatial query","score":0.645433783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.6112745404243469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.5897613763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5133265852928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5060481429100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joins","display_name":"Joins","score":0.4900742769241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.47495079040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-user-interface","display_name":"Natural language user interface","score":0.4106939733028412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.2681185305118561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24442976713180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.18326452374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.17127686738967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.08498764038085938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8877063989639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172722865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial query","level":5,"score":0.645433783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.6112745404243469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.5897613763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5133265852928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5060481429100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4041866","display_name":"Joins","level":2,"score":0.4900742769241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.47495079040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174252522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816772","display_name":"Natural language user interface","level":3,"score":0.4106939733028412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2681185305118561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24442976713180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.18326452374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.17127686738967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.08498764038085938}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589132.3625600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589132.3625600","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589132.3625600","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/dc8386bb-3a6d-40f7-a08f-fa14e96e5e78","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://forskning.ruc.dk/da/publications/dc8386bb-3a6d-40f7-a08f-fa14e96e5e78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401457","display_name":"RUCforsk (Roskilde University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I107707843","host_organization_name":"Roskilde University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107707843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, M, Wang, X, Xu, J & Lu, H 2023, NALSpatial : An Effective Natural Language Transformation Framework for Queries over Spatial Data. in M L Damiani, M Renz, A Eldawy, P Kroger & M A Nascimento (eds), 31st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2023., 57, Association for Computing Machinery, 31st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, Hamburg, Germany, 13/11/2023. https://doi.org/10.1145/3589132.3625600","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3589132.3625600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589132.3625600","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3589132.3625600","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7501381805","display_name":"\u591a\u6a21\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390100399.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390100399.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62227241","https://openalex.org/W2296769737","https://openalex.org/W2488700629","https://openalex.org/W2612518573","https://openalex.org/W2945102109","https://openalex.org/W2971168382","https://openalex.org/W3086973390","https://openalex.org/W3100925007","https://openalex.org/W3118544690","https://openalex.org/W3156729426","https://openalex.org/W4312830453","https://openalex.org/W4372346061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355512078","https://openalex.org/W1502155832","https://openalex.org/W1985808153","https://openalex.org/W1003283331","https://openalex.org/W2607390668","https://openalex.org/W1495801388","https://openalex.org/W139072192","https://openalex.org/W91170459","https://openalex.org/W2329785533","https://openalex.org/W2369494928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"databases":[1],"play":[2],"a":[3],"vital":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,30],"many":[7],"applications":[8],"that":[9,40,131],"access":[10],"spatial":[11,26,46,123],"data":[12,47],"via":[13],"appropriate":[14],"queries.":[15,27,51,127],"However,":[16],"most":[17],"application":[18],"users":[19],"lack":[20],"the":[21,68,73,85,110],"expertise":[22],"necessary":[23],"for":[24],"formulating":[25],"To":[28],"fill":[29],"this":[31],"gap,":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34],"an":[35],"effective":[36],"framework":[37],"called":[38],"NALSpatial":[39,52,108,132],"translates":[41],"natural":[42,59,87,152],"language":[43,60,88,98,153],"queries":[44,104],"over":[45],"into":[48],"executable":[49,102],"database":[50,103,113],"consists":[53],"of":[54,138,143,148],"two":[55],"core":[56],"phases.":[57],"The":[58,76],"understanding":[61],"phase":[62],"extracts":[63],"key":[64,77],"entity":[65,93],"information,":[66],"comprehends":[67],"query":[69,74,80],"intent":[70],"and":[71,79,96,125,145],"determines":[72],"type.":[75],"entities":[78],"type":[81],"are":[82],"passed":[83],"to":[84,100,116],"subsequent":[86],"translation":[89,146],"phase,":[90],"which":[91],"employs":[92],"mapping":[94],"rules":[95],"structured":[97],"models":[99],"construct":[101],"accordingly.":[105],"We":[106],"implement":[107],"on":[109,133],"open-source":[111],"extensible":[112],"system":[114],"SECONDO":[115],"support":[117],"range":[118],"queries,":[119,122],"nearest":[120],"neighbor":[121],"joins":[124],"aggregation":[126],"Extensive":[128],"experiments":[129],"show":[130],"average":[134],"achieves":[135],"response":[136],"time":[137],"about":[139],"2.5":[140],"seconds,":[141],"translatability":[142],"95%":[144],"precision":[147],"92%,":[149],"outperforming":[150],"state-of-the-art":[151],"transformation":[154],"methods.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
