{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384377172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3588028.3603669","title":"Improved Automatic Colorization by Optimal Pre-colorization","display_name":"Improved Automatic Colorization by Optimal Pre-colorization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384377172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3588028.3603669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3588028.3603669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3588028.3603669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Posters","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103073880","display_name":"Taiki Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3361-5136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiki Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chiba University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3361-5136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chiba University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062788375","display_name":"Seitaro Shinagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-5170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seitaro Shinagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-5170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089280934","display_name":"Takuya Funatomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-5932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuya Funatomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-5932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082120612","display_name":"Akinobu Maejima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8005-9218"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akinobu Maejima","raw_affiliation_strings":["OLM Digital Inc., Japan and IMAGICA GROUP Inc., Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8005-9218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OLM Digital Inc., Japan and IMAGICA GROUP Inc., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045819127","display_name":"Yasuhiro Mukaigawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-3724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro Mukaigawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-3724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020994673","display_name":"Satoshi Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-3803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-3803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077572231","display_name":"Hiroyuki Kubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-7941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Kubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chiba University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-7941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chiba University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54167169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.77310711145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.7240705490112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7140940427780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6170381307601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5807512402534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fully-automatic","display_name":"Fully automatic","score":0.5347930788993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5138916969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anime","display_name":"Anime","score":0.42922189831733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.36816298961639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0815456211566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0680820643901825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.77310711145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.7240705490112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7140940427780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6170381307601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5807512402534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019831412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5778278","display_name":"Fully automatic","level":2,"score":0.5347930788993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5138916969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118130439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Anime","level":2,"score":0.42922189831733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.36816298961639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0815456211566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0680820643901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3588028.3603669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3588028.3603669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Posters","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075421999","https://openalex.org/W4241725891","https://openalex.org/W592941694","https://openalex.org/W2098776115","https://openalex.org/W4247978692","https://openalex.org/W4296571029","https://openalex.org/W4200085573","https://openalex.org/W4248856211","https://openalex.org/W2270259880","https://openalex.org/W2811407232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"line-drawings":[1,57],"colorization":[2,17,21,25,31,38,76,91],"of":[3],"anime":[4],"characters":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7],"challenging":[8],"problem":[9],"in":[10,56],"computer":[11],"graphics.":[12],"The":[13,62],"previous":[14],"fully":[15],"automatic":[16,60,90],"method":[18],"suffers":[19],"from":[20],"accuracy":[22,39],"and":[23,29,73],"costs":[24],"artists":[26],"to":[27,35,51,68,83,86],"validate":[28],"correct":[30],"errors.":[32],"We":[33,78],"propose":[34],"improve":[36,74],"the":[37,70,75,88],"by":[40],"introducing":[41],"\u201cpre-colorization\u201d":[42],"step":[43],"into":[44],"our":[45],"production":[46],"pipeline":[47],"that":[48],"requests":[49],"user":[50],"manually":[52],"colorize":[53,69],"partial":[54],"regions":[55,64,72],"before":[58],"doing":[59],"colorization.":[61],"pre-colorized":[63,85],"work":[65],"as":[66],"clues":[67],"other":[71],"accuracy.":[77],"found":[79],"an":[80],"optimal":[81],"region":[82],"be":[84],"obtain":[87],"best":[89],"performance.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
