{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367190776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3588412","title":"Bridging the Gap: Gaze Events as Interpretable Concepts to Explain Deep Neural Sequence Models","display_name":"Bridging the Gap: Gaze Events as Interpretable Concepts to Explain Deep Neural Sequence Models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367190776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3588412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3588015.3588412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3588412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3588015.3588412","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3588015.3588412","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027461703","display_name":"Daniel G. Krakowczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5100-0733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Krakowczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5100-0733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085872778","display_name":"Paul Prasse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-3645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Prasse","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-3645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059678042","display_name":"David R. Reich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-3788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Reich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-3788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017608155","display_name":"Sebastian Lapuschkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-7258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Lapuschkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-7258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007427935","display_name":"Tobias Scheffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-7925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Scheffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-7925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025151670","display_name":"Lena A. J\u00e4ger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena A. J\u00e4ger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Switzerland and University of Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-9713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Switzerland and University of Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806","https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3208,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91987787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8336747884750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccadic-masking","display_name":"Saccadic masking","score":0.830152690410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.651398777961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6502306461334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccade","display_name":"Saccade","score":0.609715461730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.49479812383651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.4605713188648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.42209702730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40029600262641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33216655254364014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8336747884750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11054436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7396580","display_name":"Saccadic masking","level":3,"score":0.830152690410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.651398777961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6502306461334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779524336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369503","display_name":"Saccade","level":3,"score":0.609715461730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.49479812383651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.4605713188648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.42209702730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40029600262641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33216655254364014}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3588015.3588412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3588412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3588015.3588412","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:253065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Krakowczyk, Daniel G; Prasse, Paul; Reich, David R; Lapuschkin, Sebastian; Scheffer, Tobias; J\u00e4ger, Lena A (2023). Bridging the Gap: Gaze Events as Interpretable Concepts to Explain Deep Neural Sequence Models. In: ETRA '23: 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, T\u00fcbingen Germany, 30 May 2023 - 2 June 2023. ACM, 1-8.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2304.13536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13536","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.13536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/448300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/448300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-253065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-253065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3588015.3588412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3588412","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3588015.3588412","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367190776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4367190776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W2007163867","https://openalex.org/W2034676785","https://openalex.org/W2066659738","https://openalex.org/W2078279227","https://openalex.org/W2080000582","https://openalex.org/W2093923187","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2139551810","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2288826045","https://openalex.org/W2346578521","https://openalex.org/W2405531384","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2779286524","https://openalex.org/W2793687897","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2800279828","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2912581782","https://openalex.org/W2963483561","https://openalex.org/W2973136764","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3006064320","https://openalex.org/W3034095558","https://openalex.org/W3085380432","https://openalex.org/W3091589898","https://openalex.org/W3102990855","https://openalex.org/W3104502007","https://openalex.org/W3110182042","https://openalex.org/W3153158691","https://openalex.org/W3168666771","https://openalex.org/W3179188416","https://openalex.org/W3197263558","https://openalex.org/W3204795127","https://openalex.org/W3217670594","https://openalex.org/W4212816667","https://openalex.org/W4221159886","https://openalex.org/W4241258712","https://openalex.org/W4283032068","https://openalex.org/W4286432986","https://openalex.org/W4287204042","https://openalex.org/W4287693709","https://openalex.org/W4292968994","https://openalex.org/W4298061300","https://openalex.org/W4322759118","https://openalex.org/W4360982270","https://openalex.org/W4366731953","https://openalex.org/W6906480940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377940789","https://openalex.org/W4311556462","https://openalex.org/W2144512311","https://openalex.org/W2020028422","https://openalex.org/W2037836090","https://openalex.org/W4322720324","https://openalex.org/W2475244479","https://openalex.org/W2076204212","https://openalex.org/W1982153778","https://openalex.org/W4386258785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"work":[1],"in":[2],"XAI":[3],"for":[4,25,73],"eye":[5,45],"tracking":[6],"data":[7],"has":[8,54],"evaluated":[9],"the":[10,18,26,80,127,137,149],"suitability":[11],"of":[12,20,28,42,82,139],"feature":[13],"attribution":[14],"methods":[15,33],"to":[16,37,49,94,98,107,118,126],"explain":[17],"output":[19],"deep":[21],"neural":[22],"sequence":[23],"models":[24],"task":[27],"oculomotric":[29],"biometric":[30],"identification.":[31],"These":[32],"provide":[34],"saliency":[35],"maps":[36],"highlight":[38],"important":[39,102],"input":[40],"features":[41,91,104],"a":[43,57],"specific":[44],"gaze":[46,69,121],"sequence.":[47],"However,":[48],"date,":[50],"its":[51],"localization":[52],"analysis":[53],"been":[55],"lacking":[56],"quantitative":[58],"approach":[59],"across":[60],"entire":[61],"datasets.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"work,":[65],"we":[66,115],"employ":[67],"established":[68],"event":[70,140],"detection":[71],"algorithms":[72],"fixations":[74],"and":[75,77],"saccades":[76,95],"quantitatively":[78],"evaluate":[79],"impact":[81],"these":[83],"events":[84,112],"by":[85],"determining":[86],"their":[87],"concept":[88,151],"influence.":[89,152],"Input":[90],"that":[92,105,120,123],"belong":[93,106],"are":[96,116,124,131],"shown":[97],"be":[99],"substantially":[100],"more":[101],"than":[103],"fixations.":[108],"By":[109],"dissecting":[110],"saccade":[111],"into":[113],"sub-events,":[114],"able":[117],"show":[119],"samples":[122],"close":[125],"saccadic":[128,143],"peak":[129],"velocity":[130],"most":[132],"influential.":[133],"We":[134],"further":[135],"investigate":[136],"effect":[138],"properties":[141],"like":[142],"amplitude":[144],"or":[145],"fixational":[146],"dispersion":[147],"on":[148],"resulting":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}