{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389109062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587259.3627548","title":"PoQuAD - The Polish Question Answering Dataset - Description and Analysis","display_name":"PoQuAD - The Polish Question Answering Dataset - Description and Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389109062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587259.3627548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3587259.3627548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587259.3627548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Knowledge Capture Conference 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012114515","display_name":"Ryszard Tuora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-8048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryszard Tuora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-8048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047670073","display_name":"Aleksandra Zwierzchowska","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandra Zwierzchowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-7535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071217222","display_name":"Natalia Zawadzka-Paluektau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4969-2039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Zawadzka-Paluektau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4969-2039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085677948","display_name":"Cezary Klamra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cezary Klamra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-8862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071326680","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Kobyli\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2462-0020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Kobyli\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2462-0020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240","https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57972697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6906911134719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6693240404129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5108732581138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.48562708497047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35026249289512634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6906911134719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6693240404129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5108732581138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.48562708497047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35026249289512634}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3587259.3627548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587259.3627548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Knowledge Capture Conference 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4353262332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POIR.04.02.00-00C002/19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798836595","https://openalex.org/W2889453388","https://openalex.org/W2952354317","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963969878","https://openalex.org/W2996544478","https://openalex.org/W3015721781","https://openalex.org/W3088049945","https://openalex.org/W3101983939","https://openalex.org/W3113790969","https://openalex.org/W4205266770","https://openalex.org/W4221152489","https://openalex.org/W4286409077","https://openalex.org/W4287199643","https://openalex.org/W4287867779","https://openalex.org/W4288106555","https://openalex.org/W4296557505","https://openalex.org/W4360995184","https://openalex.org/W4386566979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W2387743295","https://openalex.org/W2115758952","https://openalex.org/W3082787378","https://openalex.org/W2136007095","https://openalex.org/W2366230879","https://openalex.org/W3208425359","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"showcases":[2],"PoQuAD":[3],"\u2014":[4],"a":[5,25,111,188],"SQuAD-like":[6],"contribution":[7],"to":[8,58,65,121,159],"building":[9],"Question":[10,102],"Answering":[11,103],"tools":[12],"for":[13,144,175],"Polish.":[14],"It":[15,148],"largely":[16],"follows":[17],"the":[18,30,43,61,90,127,130,141,155,162,167,181],"usual":[19],"Machine":[20,176],"Reading":[21,177],"Comprehension":[22,178],"format,":[23],"but":[24],"few":[26],"innovations":[27],"are":[28,56,108],"added,":[29],"key":[31],"ones":[32],"being:":[33],"lower":[34,139],"density":[35],"of":[36,45,71,77,89,101,129,169,183,190],"annotation,":[37],"an":[38],"abstractive":[39],"answer":[40],"layer,":[41],"and":[42,94,113,117,134],"inclusion":[44],"polar":[46],"questions.":[47],"Additionally,":[48,166],"just":[49],"like":[50],"in":[51,69],"SQuAD":[52,160],"2.0,":[53],"\u2018impossible":[54],"questions\u2019":[55],"included,":[57],"ensure":[59],"that":[60,151],"models":[62,184],"can":[63],"learn":[64],"abstain":[66],"from":[67,83],"answering":[68],"situations":[70],"insufficient":[72],"information.":[73],"The":[74,105],"dataset":[75],"consists":[76],"70k":[78],"question-answer":[79],"pairs":[80],"with":[81,119,157],"contexts":[82],"Polish":[84],"Wikipedia.":[85],"Some":[86],"linguistic":[87],"analysis":[88],"data":[91],"is":[92,137,149,153,185],"provided":[93],"discussed,":[95],"alongside":[96],"experiments":[97],"on":[98],"baseline":[99,106],"performance":[100,136],"models.":[104,179],"results":[107],"compared":[109],"against":[110],"human,":[112],"few-shot":[114],"GPT":[115],"baseline,":[116],"analyzed":[118],"respect":[120,158],"different":[122],"factors":[123],"which":[124],"might":[125],"affect":[126],"difficulty":[128],"task.":[131],"Both":[132],"human":[133],"machine":[135],"slightly":[138],"than":[140],"figures":[142],"listed":[143],"other":[145],"similar":[146],"datasets.":[147],"argued":[150],"this":[152],"because":[154],"alterations":[156],"make":[161],"task":[163],"more":[164],"challenging.":[165],"subtask":[168],"recognizing":[170],"impossible":[171],"questions":[172],"remains":[173],"difficult":[174],"Finally,":[180],"robustness":[182],"estimated":[186],"by":[187],"selection":[189],"adversarial":[191],"attacks.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
