{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324157328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587157","title":"What\u2019s (Not) Working in Programmer User Studies?","display_name":"What\u2019s (Not) Working in Programmer User Studies?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324157328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3587157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3587157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3587157","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102717531","display_name":"Matthew C. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2366-8436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew C. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049950179","display_name":"Emad Aghayi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-4257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad Aghayi","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059412025","display_name":"Thomas D. LaToza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-3337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas D. Latoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101558050","display_name":"Xiaoyin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at San Antonio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at San Antonio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005887313","display_name":"Brad A. Myers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-0219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad A. Myers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039972599","display_name":"Joshua Sunshine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-5297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Sunshine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102717531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0601,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97788686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7957858443260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.720136284828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5019590854644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4702170193195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4561464488506317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4305275082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37514787912368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.372930645942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3370317816734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0978522002696991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7957858443260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.720136284828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5019590854644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4702170193195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4561464488506317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4305275082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37514787912368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.372930645942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3370317816734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0978522002696991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3587157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3587157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3587157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3587157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3254226152","display_name":"CCRI: Planning: Collaborative Research: A Platform for Conducting Software Engineering User Studies","funder_award_id":"2016600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3547480278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016586","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6067567150","display_name":"CCRI: Planning: Collaborative Research: A Platform for Conducting Software Engineering User Studies","funder_award_id":"2016604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4324157328.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4324157328.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W350706983","https://openalex.org/W746762318","https://openalex.org/W1490657313","https://openalex.org/W1494749758","https://openalex.org/W1563148606","https://openalex.org/W1566693331","https://openalex.org/W1589728983","https://openalex.org/W1783768447","https://openalex.org/W1814291772","https://openalex.org/W1819187639","https://openalex.org/W1964885079","https://openalex.org/W1975924558","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1983830972","https://openalex.org/W1997322537","https://openalex.org/W2012380206","https://openalex.org/W2017115426","https://openalex.org/W2025865172","https://openalex.org/W2028777943","https://openalex.org/W2042083078","https://openalex.org/W2043062123","https://openalex.org/W2046310855","https://openalex.org/W2048752781","https://openalex.org/W2055755944","https://openalex.org/W2066655325","https://openalex.org/W2073496636","https://openalex.org/W2076188829","https://openalex.org/W2076463708","https://openalex.org/W2077342771","https://openalex.org/W2080505681","https://openalex.org/W2082125048","https://openalex.org/W2084429940","https://openalex.org/W2101609988","https://openalex.org/W2111199933","https://openalex.org/W2113533445","https://openalex.org/W2114269784","https://openalex.org/W2116954460","https://openalex.org/W2117752340","https://openalex.org/W2122010200","https://openalex.org/W2125759561","https://openalex.org/W2131883862","https://openalex.org/W2133750853","https://openalex.org/W2137074856","https://openalex.org/W2140017498","https://openalex.org/W2141367626","https://openalex.org/W2154355540","https://openalex.org/W2161418887","https://openalex.org/W2162045655","https://openalex.org/W2163851162","https://openalex.org/W2167926541","https://openalex.org/W2169212615","https://openalex.org/W2172287543","https://openalex.org/W2329770301","https://openalex.org/W2404960294","https://openalex.org/W2504197999","https://openalex.org/W2516678343","https://openalex.org/W2538248335","https://openalex.org/W2548994761","https://openalex.org/W2570420513","https://openalex.org/W2622958941","https://openalex.org/W2768729952","https://openalex.org/W2773986573","https://openalex.org/W2779206865","https://openalex.org/W2806881200","https://openalex.org/W2809093041","https://openalex.org/W2897312833","https://openalex.org/W2954272926","https://openalex.org/W2963571376","https://openalex.org/W3031020798","https://openalex.org/W3047010584","https://openalex.org/W3048883239","https://openalex.org/W3089413929","https://openalex.org/W3091970108","https://openalex.org/W3100811706","https://openalex.org/W3111758815","https://openalex.org/W3145750608","https://openalex.org/W3161632096","https://openalex.org/W3162923072","https://openalex.org/W3185065804","https://openalex.org/W3196894413","https://openalex.org/W3199960827","https://openalex.org/W3209468839","https://openalex.org/W4226185774","https://openalex.org/W4233322385","https://openalex.org/W4236195087","https://openalex.org/W4239863959","https://openalex.org/W4244443567","https://openalex.org/W4245135410","https://openalex.org/W4247129296","https://openalex.org/W4247899965","https://openalex.org/W4248361652","https://openalex.org/W4250210201","https://openalex.org/W4251494148","https://openalex.org/W4251637954","https://openalex.org/W4299575843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379153735","https://openalex.org/W2046172023","https://openalex.org/W2972896947","https://openalex.org/W2170146914","https://openalex.org/W2355105570","https://openalex.org/W2083974823","https://openalex.org/W2072751097","https://openalex.org/W4237177615","https://openalex.org/W2289257917","https://openalex.org/W2015567081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"key":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,44,93,101,116],"software":[4,45],"engineering":[5],"research":[6],"is":[7],"to":[8,18,40,47,64,113],"improve":[9],"the":[10,66,76,91,117,133,145],"environments,":[11],"tools,":[12],"languages,":[13],"and":[14,27,58,124],"techniques":[15],"programmers":[16],"use":[17,112],"efficiently":[19],"create":[20],"quality":[21],"software.":[22],"Successfully":[23],"designing":[24],"these":[25],"tools":[26],"demonstrating":[28],"their":[29,121],"effectiveness":[30],"involves":[31],"engaging":[32],"with":[33,155],"tool":[34],"users\u2014software":[35],"engineers.":[36],"Researchers":[37],"often":[38],"want":[39],"conduct":[41],"user":[42,53,72,83],"studies":[43,54],"engineers":[46],"collect":[48],"direct":[49],"evidence.":[50],"However,":[51],"running":[52],"can":[55],"be":[56],"difficult,":[57],"researchers":[59,78,104,111],"may":[60,70,138],"lack":[61],"solution":[62,108],"strategies":[63,109],"overcome":[65],"barriers,":[67],"so":[68],"they":[69],"avoid":[71],"studies.":[73],"To":[74,143],"understand":[75],"challenges":[77],"face":[79],"when":[80],"conducting":[81],"programmer":[82],"studies,":[84],"we":[85,96,130,148],"interviewed":[86],"26":[87],"researchers.":[88,157],"Based":[89],"on":[90],"analysis":[92],"interview":[94],"data,":[95],"contribute":[97],"(i)":[98],"a":[99],"taxonomy":[100],"18":[102,118],"barriers":[103,119],"encounter;":[105],"(ii)":[106],"23":[107],"some":[110],"address":[114],"8":[115,140],"in":[120],"own":[122],"studies;":[123],"(iii)":[125],"4":[126],"design":[127,146],"ideas,":[128,147],"which":[129],"adapted":[131],"from":[132],"behavioral":[134],"science":[135],"community,":[136],"that":[137],"lower":[139],"additional":[141],"barriers.":[142],"validate":[144],"held":[149],"an":[150],"in-person":[151],"all-day":[152],"focus":[153],"group":[154],"16":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
