{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322495798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585538","title":"Compliance Checking of Cloud Providers: Design and Implementation","display_name":"Compliance Checking of Cloud Providers: Design and Implementation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322495798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283489","display_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies Research and Practice","issn_l":"2769-6480","issn":["2769-6480","2769-6472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1875652/1875644AAM.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005882626","display_name":"Masoud Barati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-2240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Barati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-2240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058800444","display_name":"Kwabena Adu-Duodu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-9314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwabena Adu-Duodu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-9314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021973291","display_name":"Omer Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-2646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-2646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036704324","display_name":"Gagangeet Singh Aujla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gagangeet Singh Aujla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-8938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072670483","display_name":"Rajiv Ranjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-1328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Ranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-1328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.708,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93618082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8194703459739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6641609072685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5816811323165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-data-protection-regulation","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","score":0.5433273315429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.5132746696472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.5033883452415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revocation","display_name":"Revocation","score":0.46471771597862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.44702059030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.385242760181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.3304794430732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1829591989517212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8194703459739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6641609072685242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5816811323165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3090818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172506","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","level":3,"score":0.5433273315429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5132746696472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.5033883452415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775892892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509517","display_name":"Revocation","level":3,"score":0.46471771597862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.44702059030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.385242760181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3304794430732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1829591989517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283489","display_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies Research and Practice","issn_l":"2769-6480","issn":["2769-6480","2769-6472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1875644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1875644","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1875652/1875644AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:157405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/157405/1/3585538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1875644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1875644","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1875652/1875644AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6864186609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R033439/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7846730872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S018263/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322495798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322495798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1962072139","https://openalex.org/W2736904962","https://openalex.org/W2785431236","https://openalex.org/W2901411828","https://openalex.org/W2902224053","https://openalex.org/W2911521302","https://openalex.org/W2913648972","https://openalex.org/W2936206606","https://openalex.org/W2948074879","https://openalex.org/W2980381981","https://openalex.org/W3033084289","https://openalex.org/W3033732629","https://openalex.org/W3095116439","https://openalex.org/W3124160647","https://openalex.org/W3136850750","https://openalex.org/W4231165118","https://openalex.org/W4242936134","https://openalex.org/W4243558527","https://openalex.org/W4245410632","https://openalex.org/W4250572964","https://openalex.org/W4255416384","https://openalex.org/W4289773053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917102635","https://openalex.org/W3023256691","https://openalex.org/W2603253017","https://openalex.org/W2883729192","https://openalex.org/W2901967497","https://openalex.org/W2910484607","https://openalex.org/W2789497412","https://openalex.org/W2794700933","https://openalex.org/W3171079982","https://openalex.org/W3048759155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,170],"recognition":[1],"of":[2,40,82,104,113,121,126,174,200,205],"capabilities":[3],"supplied":[4],"by":[5],"cloud":[6,51,86,95,158],"systems":[7],"is":[8,98,128],"presently":[9],"growing.":[10],"Collecting":[11],"or":[12],"sharing":[13],"healthcare":[14],"data":[15,42,65,79,145,148],"and":[16,27,76,110,119,147,155,208],"sensitive":[17],"information":[18],"especially":[19],"during":[20],"the":[21,31,38,102,107,111,132,152,163,183,198],"Covid-19":[22],"pandemic":[23],"has":[24],"motivated":[25],"organizations":[26],"enterprises":[28],"to":[29,53,100,179,196],"leverage":[30],"upsides":[32],"coming":[33],"from":[34],"cloud-based":[35],"applications.":[36],"However,":[37],"privacy":[39,59],"electronic":[41],"in":[43,84,106,135,203],"such":[44,62],"applications":[45],"remains":[46],"a":[47,73,85,90,157],"significant":[48,139],"challenge":[49],"for":[50,78,116],"vendors":[52],"adapt":[54],"their":[55,114],"solutions":[56],"with":[57,137,182,189],"existing":[58],"legislation":[60],"standards":[61],"as":[63],"general":[64],"protection":[66],"regulation":[67],"(GDPR).":[68],"This":[69],"article":[70,153],"first":[71],"proposes":[72],"formal":[74,165],"model":[75,91,166],"verification":[77],"usage":[80],"requests":[81,115,185],"providers":[83,105],"composite":[87,108],"service":[88,109,134],"using":[89],"checking":[92],"tool.":[93],"A":[94,124],"pharmacy":[96,133],"scenario":[97],"presented":[99],"illustrate":[101],"connectivity":[103],"stream":[112],"both":[117],"collection":[118],"movement":[120],"patient":[122],"data.":[123],"set":[125],"verifications":[127],"then":[129],"undertaken":[130],"over":[131],"accordance":[136],"three":[138],"GDPR":[140,168],"obligations,":[141],"namely":[142],"user":[143],"consent,":[144],"access,":[146],"transfer.":[149],"Following":[150],"that,":[151],"designs":[154],"implements":[156],"container":[159,171],"virtualization":[160],"based":[161],"on":[162],"verified":[164],"realizing":[167],"requirements.":[169],"makes":[172],"use":[173],"some":[175],"enforcement":[176],"smart":[177],"contracts":[178],"only":[180],"proceed":[181],"providers\u2019":[184],"that":[186],"are":[187,194],"compliant":[188],"GDPR.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"several":[192],"experiments":[193],"provided":[195],"investigate":[197],"performance":[199],"our":[201],"approach":[202],"terms":[204],"time,":[206],"memory,":[207],"cost.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-10T07:45:09.275182","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
