{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380668146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3593884","title":"S.P.O.T: A Game-Based Application for Fostering Critical Machine Learning Literacy Among Children","display_name":"S.P.O.T: A Game-Based Application for Fostering Critical Machine Learning Literacy Among Children","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380668146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3593884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585088.3593884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3593884","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035380908","display_name":"Ibrahim Adisa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-2030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Oluwajoba Adisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-2030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101442438","display_name":"Ian Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3398-1197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education and Human Development, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3398-1197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education and Human Development, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092169253","display_name":"Tolulope Famaye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolulope Famaye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning Science, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning Science, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092169254","display_name":"Deepika Sistla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6769-7328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepika Sistla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6769-7328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032725688","display_name":"Cinamon Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cinamon Sunrise Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-3039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038956867","display_name":"Katherine Mulholland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6106-4310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Mulholland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning Sciences/Clemson University, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6106-4310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning Sciences/Clemson University, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068622451","display_name":"Alison M. Fecher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3605-7225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison Fecher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3605-7225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102764271","display_name":"Caitlin Lancaster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-7597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin Marie Lancaster","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-7597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034716209","display_name":"Golnaz Arastoopour Irgens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-3925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Golnaz Arastoopour Irgens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-3925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning Sciences, Clemson University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035380908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94807781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"507","last_page":"511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6851873397827148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.5580506324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-learning","display_name":"Game based learning","score":0.5133365988731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.49956703186035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.476913183927536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.4404946565628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43575519323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3978675901889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3939659595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3802592158317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17505043745040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1142655611038208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6851873397827148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5580506324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982948194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Game based learning","level":2,"score":0.5133365988731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.49956703186035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.476913183927536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4404946565628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43575519323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3978675901889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3939659595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3802592158317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17505043745040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1142655611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585088.3593884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3593884","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554475959","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W2078140716","https://openalex.org/W2159644498","https://openalex.org/W2602740317","https://openalex.org/W2886332712","https://openalex.org/W2909369391","https://openalex.org/W2964862450","https://openalex.org/W3019054558","https://openalex.org/W3036373993","https://openalex.org/W3134104126","https://openalex.org/W3204944706","https://openalex.org/W4206948348","https://openalex.org/W4297361005","https://openalex.org/W4307149934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3173555531","https://openalex.org/W2018871932","https://openalex.org/W641279757","https://openalex.org/W2808441032","https://openalex.org/W370975646","https://openalex.org/W4220927879","https://openalex.org/W2555031447","https://openalex.org/W3213003714","https://openalex.org/W1670566515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"S.P.O.T.,":[3],"a":[4,36],"game-based":[5],"application":[6],"for":[7,19],"promoting":[8],"children's":[9,68,88],"practical":[10],"understanding":[11],"of":[12,29,64,98],"ML":[13,21,30,34,45,53,99],"concepts":[14],"and":[15,32,50,59,86,94],"applications.":[16],"Current":[17],"tools":[18],"teaching":[20],"in":[22,26,40,101],"K-12":[23],"engage":[24],"students":[25],"playful":[27],"exploration":[28],"mechanisms":[31],"teach":[33],"from":[35],"cognitive":[37],"perspective.":[38],"However,":[39],"S.P.O.T,":[41],"learners":[42],"interact":[43],"with":[44,77],"within":[46],"real-life":[47],"sociopolitical":[48],"contexts":[49],"examine":[51],"how":[52,81],"predictions":[54],"impact":[55],"their":[56],"daily":[57],"lives":[58],"communities.":[60],"Through":[61],"the":[62,96,102],"immersion":[63],"stories":[65],"that":[66],"mirror":[67],"lived":[69],"experiences,":[70],"S.P.O.T.":[71],"provides":[72],"elementary":[73],"school":[74],"aged":[75],"children":[76],"opportunities":[78],"to":[79,90],"learn":[80],"machine":[82],"learning":[83],"applications":[84],"function":[85],"develop":[87],"abilities":[89],"critically":[91],"examine,":[92],"question,":[93],"reimagine":[95],"consequences":[97],"decisions":[100],"real":[103],"world.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}