{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387469146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585059.3611428","title":"Modern Cryptography Education of Middle School Students: A Review of Current Works","display_name":"Modern Cryptography Education of Middle School Students: A Review of Current Works","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387469146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585059.3611428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585059.3611428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585059.3611428","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3585059.3611428","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 24th Annual Conference on Information Technology Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3585059.3611428","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061539093","display_name":"Nathan Percival","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-1958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Percival","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-1958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015283040","display_name":"Sashank Narain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5377-3750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sashank Narain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5377-3750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007088227","display_name":"Claire Seungeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Seungeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-8793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.643,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87101167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13034","display_name":"Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9233999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.8519567251205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6308852434158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-cryptography","display_name":"Financial cryptography","score":0.5888048410415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.48229220509529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4693281054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.32471388578414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.2062763273715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.14524933695793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11889106035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.07501742243766785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.8519567251205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6308852434158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515488857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936407","display_name":"Financial cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5888048410415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.48229220509529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4693281054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32471388578414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2062763273715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.14524933695793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11889106035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.07501742243766785}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585059.3611428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585059.3611428","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3585059.3611428","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 24th Annual Conference on Information Technology Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585059.3611428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585059.3611428","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3585059.3611428","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 24th Annual Conference on Information Technology Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387469146.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387469146.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044167547","https://openalex.org/W2052367914","https://openalex.org/W2064218796","https://openalex.org/W2344736735","https://openalex.org/W2936150446","https://openalex.org/W2976765667","https://openalex.org/W3096807099","https://openalex.org/W3143339041","https://openalex.org/W4254963836","https://openalex.org/W4280588413","https://openalex.org/W4293098082","https://openalex.org/W4377229770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541495912","https://openalex.org/W2060145807","https://openalex.org/W4248806346","https://openalex.org/W2336496935","https://openalex.org/W2858049852","https://openalex.org/W2188587181","https://openalex.org/W4229081530","https://openalex.org/W4285555778","https://openalex.org/W2249849083","https://openalex.org/W2362346192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"many":[1],"individuals,":[2],"particularly":[3],"youth,":[4],"cryptography":[5,93,121,135,164,193],"remains":[6],"a":[7,61,153],"hidden":[8],"component":[9],"of":[10,63,69,115,141,156,160,162,184],"information":[11,39],"technology,":[12],"digital":[13,31],"communications,":[14],"and":[15,24,49,78,88,102,165,169],"cybersecurity.":[16],"Decrypting":[17],"this":[18,109,174],"complex":[19,110],"field":[20],"is":[21,124,136],"an":[22],"essential":[23],"valuable":[25],"skill":[26],"for":[27,92,189],"protecting":[28],"our":[29],"modern":[30,100,148,163],"systems.":[32],"Youth":[33],"begin":[34],"to":[35,45,55,99,122,138],"engage":[36],"significantly":[37],"with":[38],"technology":[40],"when":[41],"they":[42],"are":[43,97],"11":[44],"13":[46],"years":[47],"old":[48],"learn":[50],"about":[51,74],"the":[52,66,103,116,179,182],"systems":[53],"used":[54],"protect":[56],"them.":[57],"This":[58,158],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"systemization":[62],"knowledge":[64],"on":[65,83,173,178],"current":[67],"practices":[68,150],"teaching":[70,108,120],"middle":[71,191],"school-aged":[72],"students":[73,96,123],"cryptographic":[75,149],"algorithms,":[76],"systems,":[77,87],"protocols.":[79],"The":[80,128],"effort":[81],"focuses":[82],"understanding":[84],"what":[85],"research,":[86],"tools":[89,170],"currently":[90,125],"exist":[91],"education,":[94],"whether":[95],"exposed":[98],"cryptography,":[101],"challenges":[104],"educators":[105],"face":[106],"in":[107],"topic.":[111,176],"Our":[112],"thorough":[113],"examination":[114],"research":[117],"shows":[118],"that":[119],"very":[126],"limited.":[127],"examined":[129],"papers":[130],"discuss":[131],"cases":[132],"where":[133],"some":[134],"taught":[137],"small":[139],"groups":[140],"selected":[142],"students,":[143],"but":[144],"no":[145],"works":[146],"cover":[147],"nor":[151],"include":[152],"broad":[154],"range":[155],"students.":[157],"lack":[159],"coverage":[161],"missing":[166],"generally-available":[167],"curriculum":[168],"limits":[171],"education":[172],"important":[175],"Based":[177],"findings":[180],"from":[181],"review":[183],"works,":[185],"we":[186],"present":[187],"recommendations":[188],"improving":[190],"school":[192],"education.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
