{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321495163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585007","title":"<i>FaaSLight</i> : General Application-level Cold-start Latency Optimization for Function-as-a-Service in Serverless Computing","display_name":"<i>FaaSLight</i> : General Application-level Cold-start Latency Optimization for Function-as-a-Service in Serverless Computing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321495163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052249316","display_name":"Xuanzhe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-8484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuanzhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-8484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088948176","display_name":"Jinfeng Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-1005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-1005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031457464","display_name":"Zhenpeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-1893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenpeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-1893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039182822","display_name":"Ding Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-9137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-9137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620624","display_name":"Junkai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-8616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junkai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-8616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330505","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-2444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Institute of Big Data, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-2444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institute of Big Data, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695530","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-8633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-8633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101882004","display_name":"Xin Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8741-5847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8741-5847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052249316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.9409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99725946,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8722238540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.629088819026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5916562080383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5907095670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.527267575263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4766976535320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-code","display_name":"Machine code","score":0.44924965500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.41025733947753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.326709508895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32476407289505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.13405731320381165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8722238540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.629088819026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5916562080383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5907095670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.527267575263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4766976535320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115168132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55813","display_name":"Machine code","level":3,"score":0.44924965500831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41025733947753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.326709508895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32476407289505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.13405731320381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3585007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3585007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4737988796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172008, 62172009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966973702","https://openalex.org/W2088584545","https://openalex.org/W2171240827","https://openalex.org/W2751343396","https://openalex.org/W2765403767","https://openalex.org/W2805384152","https://openalex.org/W2888445849","https://openalex.org/W2891688103","https://openalex.org/W2892973774","https://openalex.org/W2913264117","https://openalex.org/W2987607480","https://openalex.org/W3008981372","https://openalex.org/W3091771787","https://openalex.org/W3095841401","https://openalex.org/W3097147358","https://openalex.org/W3108305104","https://openalex.org/W3109716606","https://openalex.org/W3109789858","https://openalex.org/W3112094022","https://openalex.org/W3112403587","https://openalex.org/W3115659203","https://openalex.org/W3116136571","https://openalex.org/W3122184684","https://openalex.org/W3152809665","https://openalex.org/W3155705005","https://openalex.org/W3200761580","https://openalex.org/W3209188641","https://openalex.org/W3209593805","https://openalex.org/W4249967843","https://openalex.org/W4250955960","https://openalex.org/W4253752119","https://openalex.org/W4253894200","https://openalex.org/W4307020329","https://openalex.org/W4311991054","https://openalex.org/W4313889498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341492732","https://openalex.org/W3187193180","https://openalex.org/W106542691","https://openalex.org/W2461078469","https://openalex.org/W1699080303","https://openalex.org/W4297799326","https://openalex.org/W3116064965","https://openalex.org/W123790205","https://openalex.org/W2085515337","https://openalex.org/W4287027380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Serverless":[0],"computing":[1,6],"is":[2,16,92,166],"a":[3,69,93,158,257,281],"popular":[4,19,199],"cloud":[5],"paradigm":[7],"that":[8,35,87,236],"frees":[9],"developers":[10],"from":[11,42,101,133],"server":[12],"management.":[13],"Function-as-a-Service":[14],"(FaaS)":[15],"the":[17,57,74,79,122,147,162,214,241,253,259,277,286],"most":[18],"implementation":[20],"of":[21,37,78,82,150,164,263],"serverless":[22,200],"computing,":[23],"representing":[24],"applications":[25,39,62,103,184,234],"as":[26,203],"event-driven":[27],"and":[28,126,172,191,193,206],"stateless":[29],"functions.":[30],"However,":[31],"existing":[32],"studies":[33],"report":[34],"functions":[36,264],"FaaS":[38,61,102,134,183,233],"severely":[40],"suffer":[41],"cold-start":[43,80,254],"latency.":[44,255,290],"In":[45,156,175],"this":[46,111],"article,":[47],"we":[48,113],"propose":[49],"an":[50,106],"approach,":[51],"namely,":[52],"FaaSLight":[53,165,177,237,279],",":[54],"to":[55,72,117,145,182,212,226,246,270],"accelerating":[56],"cold":[58],"start":[59],"for":[60],"through":[63],"application-level":[64],"optimization.":[65],"We":[66],"first":[67],"conduct":[68],"measurement":[70],"study":[71],"investigate":[73],"possible":[75],"root":[76],"cause":[77],"problem":[81],"FaaS.":[83],"The":[84,136,228],"result":[85],"shows":[86],"application":[88,118,154],"code":[89,100,115,129,139,152,242],"loading":[90,97,243],"latency":[91,244,262],"significant":[94],"overhead.":[95],"Therefore,":[96],"only":[98],"indispensable":[99,151],"can":[104,140,178,194,238,265],"be":[105,141,179,195,266],"adequate":[107],"solution.":[108],"Based":[109],"on":[110,143,198,231,249,273],"insight,":[112],"identify":[114],"related":[116],"functionalities":[119],"by":[120,268],"constructing":[121],"function-level":[123],"call":[124],"graph":[125],"separate":[127],"other":[128],"(i.e.,":[130],"optional":[131,138],"code)":[132],"applications.":[135],"separated":[137],"loaded":[142],"demand":[144],"avoid":[146],"inaccurate":[148],"identification":[149],"causing":[153],"failure.":[155],"particular,":[157],"key":[159],"principle":[160],"guiding":[161],"design":[163],"inherently":[167],"general,":[168],"i.e.,":[169],"platform":[170],"-":[171],"language-agnostic":[173],".":[174],"practice,":[176],"effectively":[180],"applied":[181],"developed":[185],"in":[186,284],"different":[187],"programming":[188],"languages":[189],"(Python":[190],"JavaScript),":[192],"seamlessly":[196],"deployed":[197],"platforms":[201],"such":[202],"AWS":[204],"Lambda":[205],"Google":[207],"Cloud":[208],"Functions,":[209],"without":[210],"having":[211],"modify":[213],"underlying":[215],"OSes":[216],"or":[217],"hypervisors,":[218],"nor":[219],"introducing":[220],"any":[221],"additional":[222],"manual":[223],"engineering":[224],"efforts":[225],"developers.":[227],"evaluation":[229],"results":[230],"real-world":[232],"show":[235],"significantly":[239],"reduce":[240],"(up":[245],"78.95%,":[247],"28.78%":[248],"average),":[250],"thereby":[251],"reducing":[252,285],"As":[256],"result,":[258],"total":[260,288],"response":[261,289],"decreased":[267],"up":[269],"42.05%":[271],"(19.21%":[272],"average).":[274],"Compared":[275],"with":[276],"state-of-the-art,":[278],"achieves":[280],"21.25\u00d7":[282],"improvement":[283],"average":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}