{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321454735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584984","title":"Isolated Arabic Sign Language Recognition Using a Transformer-based Model and Landmark Keypoints","display_name":"Isolated Arabic Sign Language Recognition Using a Transformer-based Model and Landmark Keypoints","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321454735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3584984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012952371","display_name":"Sarah Alyami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-7234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Alyami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Computer Science Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia; Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-7234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Computer Science Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia; Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113","https://openalex.org/I76571253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060980472","display_name":"Hamzah Luqman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamzah Luqman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Computer Science Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; SDAIA-KFUPM Joint Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia","Information and Computer Science Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-5093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Computer Science Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; SDAIA-KFUPM Joint Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Computer Science Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089637331","display_name":"Mohammad Hammoudeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-0996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hammoudeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Computer Science Department, King FahdUniversity of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-0996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Computer Science Department, King FahdUniversity of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98998258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.8141623735427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.7238996028900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6889280080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6591294407844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.627665102481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5414156913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47181761264801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.4195708632469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37850889563560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2711601257324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16025471687316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12711814045906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.04422438144683838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.8141623735427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.7238996028900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6889280080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6591294407844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.627665102481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5414156913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47181761264801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4195708632469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37850889563560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2711601257324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16025471687316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12711814045906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.04422438144683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3584984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G780414760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JRC-AI-RFP-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","funder_display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64387338","https://openalex.org/W1736569724","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2098400987","https://openalex.org/W2130166681","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2530631923","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2767651786","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2797106362","https://openalex.org/W2799443402","https://openalex.org/W2801296865","https://openalex.org/W2806270208","https://openalex.org/W2887334156","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2903314716","https://openalex.org/W2994274676","https://openalex.org/W2999543132","https://openalex.org/W3004835408","https://openalex.org/W3009828227","https://openalex.org/W3020922019","https://openalex.org/W3024060113","https://openalex.org/W3031252323","https://openalex.org/W3033370963","https://openalex.org/W3036422827","https://openalex.org/W3047934910","https://openalex.org/W3081334315","https://openalex.org/W3095411853","https://openalex.org/W3106831306","https://openalex.org/W3110578706","https://openalex.org/W3127129186","https://openalex.org/W3135189994","https://openalex.org/W3135585008","https://openalex.org/W3135691841","https://openalex.org/W3140300872","https://openalex.org/W3160307566","https://openalex.org/W3162181549","https://openalex.org/W3163203114","https://openalex.org/W3163559074","https://openalex.org/W3175673972","https://openalex.org/W3184215204","https://openalex.org/W3185538031","https://openalex.org/W3186902467","https://openalex.org/W3193410985","https://openalex.org/W3197181216","https://openalex.org/W3199967408","https://openalex.org/W3201886979","https://openalex.org/W3212919720","https://openalex.org/W4200021901","https://openalex.org/W4205170218","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4210359132","https://openalex.org/W4212986483","https://openalex.org/W4213127165","https://openalex.org/W4255222761","https://openalex.org/W4285316323","https://openalex.org/W4287755748","https://openalex.org/W4289147184","https://openalex.org/W4292862969","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387994380","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6747909800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W2052388267","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W1968481813","https://openalex.org/W2620829895","https://openalex.org/W2356918560","https://openalex.org/W1989687946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pose-based":[0],"approaches":[1],"for":[2,23,39,58,79],"sign":[3,26,44,59,80,116],"language":[4,27,60,81],"recognition":[5,28,82,97],"provide":[6],"light-weight":[7],"and":[8,31,68,84,92,114,132,136,149,155,159,180],"fast":[9],"models":[10,55,109],"that":[11,89],"can":[12],"be":[13],"adopted":[14],"in":[15,46,134,157],"real-time":[16],"applications.":[17],"This":[18],"article":[19],"presents":[20],"a":[21],"framework":[22],"isolated":[24],"Arabic":[25,113],"using":[29,174],"hand":[30,91,105],"face":[32,93],"keypoints.":[33,106],"We":[34],"employed":[35],"MediaPipe":[36],"pose":[37],"estimator":[38],"extracting":[40],"the":[41,47,51,74,85,96,119,122,127,141,146,164,168,177],"keypoints":[42,94,175],"of":[43,76,130,153],"gestures":[45],"video":[48],"stream.":[49],"Using":[50,118],"extracted":[52],"keypoints,":[53],"three":[54],"were":[56,110],"proposed":[57,108,123],"recognition:":[61],"Long-Term":[62],"Short":[63],"Memory,":[64],"Temporal":[65],"Convolution":[66],"Networks,":[67],"Transformer-based":[69],"models.":[70],"Moreover,":[71],"we":[72],"investigated":[73],"importance":[75],"non-manual":[77],"features":[78],"systems":[83],"obtained":[86,150],"results":[87],"showed":[88],"combining":[90],"boosted":[95],"accuracy":[98,129,152],"by":[99],"around":[100],"4%":[101],"compared":[102],"with":[103],"only":[104],"The":[107],"evaluated":[111,144],"on":[112,145,171],"Argentinian":[115],"languages.":[117],"KArSL-100":[120],"dataset,":[121],"pose-based":[124,165],"Transformer":[125,142,166],"achieved":[126],"highest":[128],"99.74%":[131],"68.2%":[133],"signer-dependent":[135,158],"-independent":[137,160],"modes,":[138,161],"respectively.":[139,162],"Additionally,":[140],"was":[143],"LSA64":[147],"dataset":[148],"an":[151],"98.25%":[154],"91.09%":[156],"Consequently,":[163],"outperformed":[167],"state-of-the-art":[169],"techniques":[170],"both":[172],"datasets":[173],"from":[176],"signer\u2019s":[178],"hands":[179],"face.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
