{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379113086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584372.3588661","title":"SQL Nulls and Two-Valued Logic","display_name":"SQL Nulls and Two-Valued Logic","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379113086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584372.3588661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3584372.3588661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584372.3588661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGAI Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-04408295","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069883356","display_name":"Leonid Libkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-2735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130638677","display_name":"Edinburgh College","ror":"https://ror.org/04vpa6h32","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["FR","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leonid Libkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh & RelationalAI, Paris, France","Edin. - University of Edinburgh (Old College South Bridge Edinburgh EH8 9YL - United Kingdom)","VALDA - Value from Data (ENS Paris\r\n45, rue d'Ulm 75230 Paris Cedex 05 - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh & RelationalAI, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edin. - University of Edinburgh (Old College South Bridge Edinburgh EH8 9YL - United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130638677","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VALDA - Value from Data (ENS Paris\r\n45, rue d'Ulm 75230 Paris Cedex 05 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077872338","display_name":"Liat Peterfreund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-0944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152518","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge","ror":"https://ror.org/04t50yk91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210152518","https://openalex.org/I4210154111","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liat Peterfreund","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIGM, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Champs-sur-Marne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIGM, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Champs-sur-Marne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152518","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069883356"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I3130638677","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06358923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.7447232007980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7369733452796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.7202168703079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6727234125137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40540507435798645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.7447232007980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7369733452796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.7202168703079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6727234125137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40540507435798645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3584372.3588661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3584372.3588661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGAI Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04408295v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-04408295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3584372.3588661","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04408295v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-04408295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3584372.3588661","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1361938442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2126551001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","funder_display_name":"Leverhulme Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3634651229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Research Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","funder_display_name":"Leverhulme Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3829625337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S003800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4378070110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N023056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G53695486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N023056/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6928976483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-21-CE48-0015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8393105782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-21-CE48-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577367252","https://openalex.org/W1967892492","https://openalex.org/W1971572687","https://openalex.org/W1990391007","https://openalex.org/W2008865455","https://openalex.org/W2020949660","https://openalex.org/W2022427243","https://openalex.org/W2026080208","https://openalex.org/W2039384225","https://openalex.org/W2040247213","https://openalex.org/W2066837227","https://openalex.org/W2073460318","https://openalex.org/W2093713825","https://openalex.org/W2132516581","https://openalex.org/W2133384222","https://openalex.org/W2156267397","https://openalex.org/W2158060543","https://openalex.org/W2286515848","https://openalex.org/W2297697128","https://openalex.org/W2431688250","https://openalex.org/W2501120957","https://openalex.org/W2503947316","https://openalex.org/W2614913282","https://openalex.org/W2619942151","https://openalex.org/W2739885613","https://openalex.org/W2791187237","https://openalex.org/W2862455684","https://openalex.org/W2937648528","https://openalex.org/W2948078705","https://openalex.org/W2988481308","https://openalex.org/W3202969914","https://openalex.org/W4238580417","https://openalex.org/W4255327858","https://openalex.org/W4255889623","https://openalex.org/W4281666535","https://openalex.org/W4312632526","https://openalex.org/W6616770358","https://openalex.org/W6629756347","https://openalex.org/W6636068222","https://openalex.org/W6788222425","https://openalex.org/W6852149205","https://openalex.org/W7043381941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2379153735","https://openalex.org/W2046172023","https://openalex.org/W2972896947","https://openalex.org/W2170146914","https://openalex.org/W2355105570","https://openalex.org/W622882839","https://openalex.org/W2185017216","https://openalex.org/W2016345697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"design":[1],"of":[2,41,48],"SQL":[3,32],"is":[4,35],"based":[5],"on":[6],"a":[7,46],"three-valued":[8],"logic":[9,17],"(3VL),":[10],"rather":[11],"than":[12],"the":[13],"familiar":[14],"two-valued":[15],"Boolean":[16],"(2VL).":[18],"In":[19],"addition":[20],"totrue":[21],"andfalse,":[22],"3VL":[23],"addsunknown":[24],"to":[25],"handle":[26],"nulls.":[27],"Viewed":[28],"as":[29],"indispensable":[30],"for":[31,38,44],"expressiveness,":[33],"it":[34],"often":[36],"criticized":[37],"unintuitive":[39],"behavior":[40],"queries":[42],"and":[43],"being":[45],"source":[47],"programmer":[49],"mistakes.":[50]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2023-06-03T00:00:00"}