{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378800931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583781.3590236","title":"Ternary In-Memory Computing with Cryogenic Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect Memories","display_name":"Ternary In-Memory Computing with Cryogenic Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect Memories","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378800931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583781.3590236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583781.3590236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583781.3590236","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3583781.3590236","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3583781.3590236","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018279889","display_name":"Arun Govindankutty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-3293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arun Govindankutty","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-3293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043426052","display_name":"Shamiul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamiul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-1399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103225021","display_name":"Sanjay Das","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4259-1915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008340979","display_name":"Nagadastagiri Challapalle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3324-2009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagadastagiri Challapalle","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3324-2009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057057812","display_name":"Ahmedullah Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1573-4122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmedullah Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1573-4122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021884109","display_name":"Sumitha George","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-8807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumitha George","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-8807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018279889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58397051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"521","last_page":"526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.637901782989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.6000263094902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5285013318061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4862881600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4505760967731476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.4429355561733246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-anomalous-hall-effect","display_name":"Quantum anomalous Hall effect","score":0.43779557943344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3253825902938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.32409292459487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-hall-effect","display_name":"Quantum Hall effect","score":0.2394419014453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23005053400993347}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.637901782989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.6000263094902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5285013318061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4862881600856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4505760967731476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.4429355561733246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777205815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25304680","display_name":"Quantum anomalous Hall effect","level":4,"score":0.43779557943344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3253825902938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.32409292459487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200369452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047822","display_name":"Quantum Hall effect","level":3,"score":0.2394419014453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23005053400993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583781.3590236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583781.3590236","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3583781.3590236","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583781.3590236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583781.3590236","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3583781.3590236","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378800931.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378800931.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999871211","https://openalex.org/W2070992435","https://openalex.org/W2762128195","https://openalex.org/W2792227131","https://openalex.org/W2963494765","https://openalex.org/W2996417490","https://openalex.org/W3112241772","https://openalex.org/W3154321823","https://openalex.org/W3157706545","https://openalex.org/W3194730726","https://openalex.org/W3217715319","https://openalex.org/W6752715279","https://openalex.org/W6767632923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099920581","https://openalex.org/W2778031611","https://openalex.org/W2070443794","https://openalex.org/W2928193004","https://openalex.org/W2914488349","https://openalex.org/W1994030850","https://openalex.org/W260863705","https://openalex.org/W2914355816","https://openalex.org/W3181709876","https://openalex.org/W921290243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"surging":[1],"interest":[2,39],"in":[3,51],"quantum":[4,30,46],"computing,":[5],"space":[6],"applications,":[7],"and":[8,110,136,138,146],"ultra-fast":[9],"superconducting":[10],"processors,":[11],"the":[12,84,116,123],"need":[13],"for":[14,25,68,122,130],"compatible":[15],"cryogenic":[16,26],"memory":[17,92,152],"systems":[18],"is":[19],"skyrocketing.":[20],"Among":[21],"several":[22,61],"concurrent":[23],"candidates":[24],"data":[27],"storage":[28,58],"solutions,":[29],"anomalous":[31],"Hall":[32,118],"effect":[33],"(QAHE)":[34],"devices":[35,121],"have":[36,60],"garnered":[37],"immense":[38],"due":[40],"to":[41,53],"having":[42],"topologically":[43],"protected":[44],"variation-tolerant":[45],"states.":[47],"The":[48],"QAHE":[49,91,151],"cells,":[50],"addition":[52,87],"being":[54],"a":[55,77,90],"promising":[56],"non-volatile":[57],"technology,":[59],"unique":[62],"properties":[63],"that":[64],"make":[65],"them":[66],"ideal":[67],"in-memory":[69,79,131],"computing":[70,80,133],"operations.":[71],"In":[72,105],"this":[73],"work,":[74],"we":[75,107],"propose":[76,127],"novel":[78],"mechanism":[81],"by":[82],"harnessing":[83],"intrinsic":[85],"voltage":[86],"property":[88],"of":[89],"array,":[93],"implemented":[94],"using":[95],"twisted":[96],"bi-layer":[97],"graphene":[98],"(tBLG)":[99],"on":[100],"hexagonal":[101],"boron":[102],"nitride":[103],"(hBN).":[104],"addition,":[106],"extensively":[108],"explore":[109],"implement":[111],"ternary":[112,132,147],"arithmetic":[113],"operations":[114],"utilizing":[115],"series-connected":[117],"voltages":[119],"across":[120],"first":[124],"time.":[125],"We":[126],"two":[128],"schemes":[129],"namely":[134],"IMFE":[135],"IMSE,":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"balanced":[140],"scalar":[141],"multiplication,":[142],"dot":[143],"product":[144],"operations,":[145],"half":[148],"adder":[149],"with":[150],"array.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
