{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386269563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615044","title":"SAGE: A Storage-Based Approach for Scalable and Efficient Sparse Generalized Matrix-Matrix Multiplication","display_name":"SAGE: A Storage-Based Approach for Scalable and Efficient Sparse Generalized Matrix-Matrix Multiplication","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386269563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583780.3615044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.13626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086934841","display_name":"Myung-Hwan Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-5148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myung-Hwan Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-5148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042828356","display_name":"Yunyong Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-4697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyong Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-4697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099835613","display_name":"Hyuck-Moo Gwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8765-1863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuck-Moo Gwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8765-1863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060552795","display_name":"Ikhyeon Jo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-6220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikhyeon Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-6220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086980677","display_name":"Yongjun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-0380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-0380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656150","display_name":"Sang\u2010Wook Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-9084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Wook Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-9084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"923","last_page":"933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8271032571792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7762048840522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.5624372959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5401846766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.535483717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5285531282424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.5228196382522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.5086346864700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storage-efficiency","display_name":"Storage efficiency","score":0.4592345654964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4424282908439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.15956908464431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.12942957878112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09241196513175964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8271032571792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7762048840522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.5624372959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5401846766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.535483717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5285531282424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.5228196382522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.5086346864700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121838778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7619924","display_name":"Storage efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4592345654964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4424282908439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.15956908464431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.12942957878112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09241196513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583780.3615044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583780.3615044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2308.13626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.13626","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.13626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2308.13626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.13626","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.13626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386269563.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386269563.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26556108","https://openalex.org/W1482680420","https://openalex.org/W1987634495","https://openalex.org/W2004951603","https://openalex.org/W2033994567","https://openalex.org/W2053076698","https://openalex.org/W2065607954","https://openalex.org/W2073415627","https://openalex.org/W2083257370","https://openalex.org/W2102322109","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2129042353","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2142517301","https://openalex.org/W2235832317","https://openalex.org/W2317943859","https://openalex.org/W2435994428","https://openalex.org/W2461193710","https://openalex.org/W2479693678","https://openalex.org/W2539342202","https://openalex.org/W2582955817","https://openalex.org/W2604025065","https://openalex.org/W2606413522","https://openalex.org/W2624657645","https://openalex.org/W2727953781","https://openalex.org/W2751658790","https://openalex.org/W2794952988","https://openalex.org/W2811247723","https://openalex.org/W2883861385","https://openalex.org/W2884496840","https://openalex.org/W2912978884","https://openalex.org/W2913145929","https://openalex.org/W2921480401","https://openalex.org/W2952598959","https://openalex.org/W2964336816","https://openalex.org/W2995872593","https://openalex.org/W3016832937","https://openalex.org/W3098650335","https://openalex.org/W3103168911","https://openalex.org/W3104997181","https://openalex.org/W3105937213","https://openalex.org/W3106161546","https://openalex.org/W3175786688","https://openalex.org/W3205727737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293771254","https://openalex.org/W3121828480","https://openalex.org/W2039875226","https://openalex.org/W4221142455","https://openalex.org/W2032786851","https://openalex.org/W2914631005","https://openalex.org/W2952630098","https://openalex.org/W3132517792","https://openalex.org/W4285148873","https://openalex.org/W2256267046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"generalized":[1],"matrix-matrix":[2],"multiplication":[3],"(SpGEMM)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,76,109],"fundamental":[7],"operation":[8],"for":[9,106,138,147,161],"real-world":[10,18],"network":[11],"analysis.":[12],"With":[13],"the":[14,20,31,40,93,97,121,149,174],"increasing":[15],"size":[16,32],"of":[17,33,61,96,124,151,176,184],"networks,":[19,29],"single-machine-based":[21],"SpGEMM":[22,26,46,79,180],"approach":[23,42,80],"cannot":[24],"perform":[25],"on":[27,48],"large-scale":[28,45],"exceeding":[30],"main":[34,100,167],"memory":[35,101,159],"(i.e.,":[36,64],"not":[37,65],"scalable).":[38],"Although":[39],"distributed-system-based":[41],"could":[43,119],"handle":[44],"based":[47],"multiple":[49,62],"machines,":[50],"it":[51],"suffers":[52],"from":[53],"severe":[54],"inter-machine":[55],"communication":[56],"overhead":[57],"to":[58,131],"aggregate":[59],"results":[60],"machines":[63],"efficient).":[66],"To":[67],"address":[68,132],"this":[69,72],"dilemma,":[70],"in":[71,86,166,182],"paper,":[73],"we":[74,113,172],"propose":[75,127],"novel":[77],"storage-based":[78],"(SAGE)":[81],"that":[82,118],"stores":[83],"given":[84],"networks":[85,98],"storage":[87],"(e.g.,":[88],"SSD)":[89],"and":[90,126,156,186],"loads":[91],"only":[92],"necessary":[94],"parts":[95],"into":[99],"when":[102],"they":[103],"are":[104],"required":[105],"processing":[107],"via":[108],"3-layer":[110],"architecture.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"point":[114],"out":[115],"three":[116,128],"challenges":[117],"degrade":[120],"overall":[122],"performance":[123],"SAGE":[125,177],"effective":[129],"strategies":[130],"them:":[133],"(1)":[134],"block-based":[135],"workload":[136],"allocation":[137,160],"balancing":[139],"workloads":[140],"across":[141],"threads,":[142],"(2)":[143],"in-memory":[144],"partial":[145],"aggregation":[146],"reducing":[148],"amount":[150],"unnecessarily":[152],"generated":[153],"storage-memory":[154],"I/Os,":[155],"(3)":[157],"distribution-aware":[158],"preventing":[162],"unexpected":[163],"buffer":[164],"overflows":[165],"memory.":[168],"Via":[169],"extensive":[170],"evaluation,":[171],"verify":[173],"superiority":[175],"over":[178],"existing":[179],"methods":[181],"terms":[183],"scalability":[185],"efficiency.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2023-08-31T00:00:00"}