{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385189452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3596305","title":"Fitness Landscape Analysis of Genetic Programming Search Spaces with Local Optima Networks","display_name":"Fitness Landscape Analysis of Genetic Programming Search Spaces with Local Optima Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385189452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3596305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583133.3596305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3596305","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101585745","display_name":"Yifan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-3502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90727586","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055vj5234","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063214931","display_name":"Ferrante Neri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferrante Neri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101585745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54091088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2056","last_page":"2063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-optimum","display_name":"Local optimum","score":0.8078693747520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.7400002479553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.7066214084625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-regression","display_name":"Symbolic regression","score":0.6906310319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutral-network","display_name":"Neutral network","score":0.6125385165214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5632534027099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.4430111050605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-approximation","display_name":"Fitness approximation","score":0.4259057641029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42185184359550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4188828468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.41865745186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4038040041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.3840141296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3098374307155609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2842656373977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27255481481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.22491228580474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.19176584482192993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141934464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305386","display_name":"Local optimum","level":2,"score":0.8078693747520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.7400002479553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.7066214084625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776400721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18171762","display_name":"Symbolic regression","level":3,"score":0.6906310319900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198125213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17155419","display_name":"Neutral network","level":3,"score":0.6125385165214539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5632534027099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.4430111050605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148392497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16250539","display_name":"Fitness approximation","level":4,"score":0.4259057641029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42185184359550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4188828468322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.41865745186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4038040041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3840141296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3098374307155609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2842656373977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27255481481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.22491228580474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.19176584482192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583133.3596305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3596305","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502786473","https://openalex.org/W1529900568","https://openalex.org/W1601232100","https://openalex.org/W1933385826","https://openalex.org/W2020055134","https://openalex.org/W2036278367","https://openalex.org/W2061011797","https://openalex.org/W2620219518","https://openalex.org/W2890029885","https://openalex.org/W2911390364","https://openalex.org/W2959993166","https://openalex.org/W3022915729","https://openalex.org/W3123511746","https://openalex.org/W3135787843","https://openalex.org/W3209828932","https://openalex.org/W4210242654","https://openalex.org/W4210896998","https://openalex.org/W4285033151","https://openalex.org/W4318603207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137246147","https://openalex.org/W2953163219","https://openalex.org/W1989308467","https://openalex.org/W4300187444","https://openalex.org/W3046481193","https://openalex.org/W2140292604","https://openalex.org/W2146810516","https://openalex.org/W2809695261","https://openalex.org/W1997104952","https://openalex.org/W4385189452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fitness":[0],"landscape":[1],"analysis":[2,64],"(FLA)":[3],"refers":[4],"to":[5,10,56],"a":[6,35,115],"set":[7],"of":[8,19,22,92],"techniques":[9],"characterise":[11],"optimisation":[12],"problems.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"presents":[16],"an":[17],"FLA":[18,38,47],"three":[20],"types":[21],"genetic":[23],"programming":[24],"(GP)":[25],"benchmarks:":[26],"parity,":[27],"symbolic":[28,93],"regression,":[29],"and":[30,44,53,77,87,98],"artificial":[31,102],"ant.":[32],"We":[33],"applied":[34],"modern":[36],"graph-based":[37],"tool":[39],"called":[40],"Local":[41],"Optima":[42],"Networks":[43],"several":[45],"classical":[46],"metrics":[48],"(fitness":[49],"distance":[50],"correlation,":[51],"neutrality,":[52],"ruggedness":[54],"measures)":[55],"study":[57],"the":[58,67,90,101,122],"tree-based":[59],"GP":[60],"search":[61,68],"spaces.":[62],"Our":[63,111],"shows":[65],"that":[66,114],"spaces":[69],"for":[70],"all":[71],"problems":[72,83,91],"contain":[73],"many":[74],"local":[75],"optima":[76],"are":[78,84,95],"highly":[79,85,106],"deceptive.":[80],"The":[81],"parity":[82],"rugged":[86,97,107],"neutral.":[88,99,110],"Conversely,":[89],"regression":[94],"less":[96,109],"Finally,":[100],"ant":[103],"problem":[104],"is":[105],"but":[108],"results":[112],"indicate":[113],"mutation":[116],"in":[117],"deep":[118],"nodes":[119],"makes":[120],"finding":[121],"global":[123],"optimum":[124],"difficult.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}