{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385188279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3590727","title":"A Novel Fitness Function for Automated Software Test Case Generation Based on Nested Constraint Hardness","display_name":"A Novel Fitness Function for Automated Software Test Case Generation Based on Nested Constraint Hardness","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385188279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3590727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583133.3590727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3590727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021818134","display_name":"Anh M. T. Bui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-9438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thi-Mai-Anh Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["DOR Lab, School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOR Lab, School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024349250","display_name":"Bui Quoc Trung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-3099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quoc-Trung Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["DOR Lab, School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOR Lab, School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088121179","display_name":"Van-Tri Do","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-8132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Tri Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["DOR Lab, School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOR Lab, School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021818134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56794025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"791","last_page":"794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.7393880486488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6730726957321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6212249994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5401555299758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5179673433303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-approximation","display_name":"Fitness approximation","score":0.5068023800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42501363158226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.41644641757011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4143160283565521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.37777334451675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37739166617393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21770566701889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.14671030640602112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.7393880486488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6730726957321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6212249994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5401555299758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5179673433303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148392497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16250539","display_name":"Fitness approximation","level":4,"score":0.5068023800849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42501363158226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.41644641757011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4143160283565521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.37777334451675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37739166617393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21770566701889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.14671030640602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583133.3590727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583133.3590727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176867143","https://openalex.org/W1971650562","https://openalex.org/W2075485888","https://openalex.org/W2106724512","https://openalex.org/W2284923418","https://openalex.org/W2945604549","https://openalex.org/W3007533873","https://openalex.org/W4206807714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1622672652","https://openalex.org/W2159937791","https://openalex.org/W2017545286","https://openalex.org/W2164084664","https://openalex.org/W1995719995","https://openalex.org/W4299643771","https://openalex.org/W2951823782","https://openalex.org/W2036107212","https://openalex.org/W1483317606","https://openalex.org/W2394049789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Search-Based":[0],"Software":[1],"Testing":[2],"(SBST)":[3],"has":[4,62],"drawn":[5],"a":[6,11,47,103,120,127],"lot":[7],"of":[8,22,86,102,150],"interests":[9],"as":[10],"powerful":[12],"approach":[13,167],"for":[14,160,173],"automated":[15],"test":[16,48,116],"data":[17,117],"generation.":[18],"One":[19],"major":[20],"limitation":[21],"search-based":[23],"methods":[24],"is":[25,105],"that":[26,142,176],"they":[27],"may":[28],"get":[29],"stuck":[30],"in":[31,75],"local":[32],"optima":[33],"and":[34,140,146,158],"become":[35],"inefficient":[36],"if":[37],"the":[38,66,79,84,99,115,137,147,161,174],"fitness":[39,67,129,163],"function":[40,68,130],"does":[41],"not":[42,94],"provide":[43],"any":[44],"direction":[45],"toward":[46],"target,":[49],"particularly":[50,172],"when":[51],"dealing":[52],"with":[53,119],"hard":[54,123],"branch":[55,71,104],"targets":[56],"(e.g.,":[57,88],"nested":[58,133],"predicates).":[59],"Recent":[60],"research":[61],"focused":[63],"on":[64,122,132],"enhancing":[65],"by":[69,125],"taking":[70],"hardness":[72],"into":[73,96],"account":[74,97],"order":[76],"to":[77,113,179],"direct":[78],"evolutionary":[80],"process.":[81],"However,":[82],"either":[83],"characteristics":[85],"constraints":[87,134],"their":[89,151],"involved":[90],"variables'":[91],"domain)":[92],"are":[93,177],"taken":[95],"or":[98],"difficulty":[100],"level":[101],"separately":[106],"studied.":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109],"paper,":[110],"we":[111],"aim":[112],"address":[114],"generation":[118],"focus":[121],"branches":[124,175],"proposing":[126],"novel":[128],"based":[131],"(i.e.,":[135],"including":[136],"target":[138],"constraint":[139],"those":[141],"impact":[143],"its":[144,169],"coverage)":[145],"domain":[148],"sizes":[149],"variables.":[152],"The":[153],"empirical":[154],"study":[155],"promises":[156],"efficiency":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"new":[162],"function.":[164],"Our":[165],"proposed":[166],"outperforms":[168],"counterparts":[170],"significantly,":[171],"difficult":[178],"be":[180],"covered.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}