{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384024922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583131.3590434","title":"Learning Emergency Medical Dispatch Policies Via Genetic Programming","display_name":"Learning Emergency Medical Dispatch Policies Via Genetic Programming","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384024922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583131.3590434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583131.3590434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583131.3590434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064144594","display_name":"Jordan MacLachlan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-9419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jordan MacLachlan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073282655","display_name":"Yi Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425800","display_name":"Fangfang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-3972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangfang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400258","display_name":"Mengjie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-9538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092451649","display_name":"Jessica Signal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-5987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087571","display_name":"Wellington Free Ambulance","ror":"https://ror.org/00513r667","country_code":"NZ","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087571"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Signal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellington Free Ambulance, Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellington Free Ambulance, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064144594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94166667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1409","last_page":"1417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7422778010368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7157215476036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5293843150138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5280663967132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5272385478019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5113789439201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5055346488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4659738540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4613848328590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.4537700414657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4112859070301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3250538110733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3220962584018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1991143524646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1622590720653534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.10411453247070312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7422778010368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7157215476036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5293843150138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5280663967132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5272385478019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5113789439201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5055346488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4659738540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4613848328590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.4537700414657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4112859070301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3250538110733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3220962584018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1991143524646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1622590720653534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.10411453247070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3583131.3590434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3583131.3590434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1949618367","https://openalex.org/W2013636369","https://openalex.org/W2020314169","https://openalex.org/W2032971067","https://openalex.org/W2044121814","https://openalex.org/W2072093876","https://openalex.org/W2084761412","https://openalex.org/W2088363515","https://openalex.org/W2089677243","https://openalex.org/W2089685375","https://openalex.org/W2101314043","https://openalex.org/W2131811481","https://openalex.org/W2324356024","https://openalex.org/W2398936451","https://openalex.org/W2490561050","https://openalex.org/W2524034199","https://openalex.org/W2562963622","https://openalex.org/W2737244426","https://openalex.org/W2791726865","https://openalex.org/W2877450333","https://openalex.org/W2991238927","https://openalex.org/W2999049390","https://openalex.org/W3001739235","https://openalex.org/W3093544118","https://openalex.org/W3108977505","https://openalex.org/W3133463815","https://openalex.org/W3136165312","https://openalex.org/W3140416634","https://openalex.org/W3168727836","https://openalex.org/W3179807675","https://openalex.org/W3192305788","https://openalex.org/W4312994607","https://openalex.org/W4376551698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3143937874","https://openalex.org/W4239501324","https://openalex.org/W3127069067","https://openalex.org/W3194412468","https://openalex.org/W2962212957","https://openalex.org/W3165734945","https://openalex.org/W2044180942","https://openalex.org/W2048561128","https://openalex.org/W1068348394","https://openalex.org/W2079420557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Of":[0],"great":[1],"value":[2],"to":[3,20,51,84,116,121,147],"modern":[4],"municipalities":[5],"is":[6,18,161],"the":[7,14,53,69,134,140],"task":[8],"of":[9,57,88,98,152,171],"emergency":[10,159],"medical":[11],"response":[12,23],"in":[13,105,169],"community.":[15],"Resource":[16],"allocation":[17],"vital":[19],"ensure":[21],"minimal":[22],"times,":[24],"which":[25],"we":[26,42,111,156],"may":[27],"perform":[28],"via":[29],"human":[30],"experts":[31],"or":[32],"automate":[33],"by":[34,77,102,131],"maximising":[35,172],"ambulance":[36,82],"coverage.":[37],"To":[38],"combat":[39],"black-box":[40],"modelling,":[41],"propose":[43],"a":[44,63,86,96],"modularised":[45,109],"Genetic":[46],"Programming":[47],"Hyper":[48],"Heuristic":[49],"framework":[50],"learn":[52,112,124],"five":[54,126],"key":[55],"decisions":[56,127],"Emergency":[58],"Medical":[59],"Dispatch":[60],"(EMD)":[61],"within":[62],"reactive":[64],"decision-making":[65,93,141],"process.":[66],"We":[67,138],"minimise":[68],"representational":[70],"distance":[71],"between":[72],"our":[73,80,108,150],"work":[74],"and":[75,95,123],"reality":[76],"working":[78],"with":[79],"local":[81],"service":[83],"design":[85],"set":[87,97],"heuristics":[89],"approximating":[90],"their":[91],"current":[92],"processes":[94],"synthetic":[99],"datasets":[100],"influenced":[101],"existing":[103],"patterns":[104],"practice.":[106],"Through":[107],"framework,":[110],"each":[113],"decision":[114],"independently":[115],"identify":[117],"those":[118],"most":[119],"valuable":[120],"EMD":[122],"all":[125],"simultaneously,":[128],"improving":[129],"performance":[130],"69%":[132],"on":[133],"largest":[135],"novel":[136],"dataset.":[137],"analyse":[139],"logic":[142],"behind":[143],"several":[144],"learned":[145],"rules":[146],"further":[148],"improve":[149],"understanding":[151],"EMD.":[153],"For":[154],"example,":[155],"find":[157],"that":[158],"urgency":[160],"not":[162],"necessarily":[163],"considered":[164],"when":[165],"dispatching":[166],"idle":[167],"ambulances":[168],"favour":[170],"fleet":[173],"availability.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
