{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361790921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582197.3582230","title":"Concentration Monitoring in Online Classes for Smart Education Applications Based on Neural Network and C-PAD Emotion Model","display_name":"Concentration Monitoring in Online Classes for Smart Education Applications Based on Neural Network and C-PAD Emotion Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361790921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582197.3582230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3582197.3582230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3582197.3582230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 10th International Conference on Information Technology: IoT and Smart City","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333824","display_name":"Jiaxuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-6839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067114553","display_name":"Hawking Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-3489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijian Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333835","display_name":"Patrick Cheong\u2010Iao Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8820-5443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014149508","display_name":"Ka Lung Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-3810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. L. Eddie Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100333824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21454619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"190","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6821690201759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6628618836402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6621496677398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5818579792976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.5161148309707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5151764154434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4929637908935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.48588865995407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44271719455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.4296090602874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.40952634811401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4042694866657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37687304615974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.19104838371276855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6821690201759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6628618836402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6621496677398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5818579792976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5161148309707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5151764154434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4929637908935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.48588865995407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44271719455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.4296090602874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.40952634811401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4042694866657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37687304615974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.19104838371276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3582197.3582230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3582197.3582230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 10th International Conference on Information Technology: IoT and Smart City","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998808035","https://openalex.org/W2135156782","https://openalex.org/W2140093718","https://openalex.org/W2535114562","https://openalex.org/W2609296554","https://openalex.org/W2784632100","https://openalex.org/W2796438033","https://openalex.org/W2919890647","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W3013409232","https://openalex.org/W3032400527","https://openalex.org/W3046010739","https://openalex.org/W3082384720","https://openalex.org/W3083573682","https://openalex.org/W3097208458","https://openalex.org/W3112881007","https://openalex.org/W3113370935","https://openalex.org/W3114799124","https://openalex.org/W3118575023","https://openalex.org/W3124004752","https://openalex.org/W3166898278","https://openalex.org/W3171200575","https://openalex.org/W3173372706","https://openalex.org/W3184226485","https://openalex.org/W3184620942","https://openalex.org/W3205619884","https://openalex.org/W4211247510","https://openalex.org/W4253155317","https://openalex.org/W4285153095","https://openalex.org/W4288076002","https://openalex.org/W4299534971","https://openalex.org/W4391798793","https://openalex.org/W6922120124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W3099765033","https://openalex.org/W2997155179","https://openalex.org/W4387327236","https://openalex.org/W2183488467","https://openalex.org/W1990237101","https://openalex.org/W4309907966","https://openalex.org/W4387896287","https://openalex.org/W2187490799","https://openalex.org/W3170838353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91,105],"arrival":[1],"of":[2,35,88,98,107,119,127,153],"COVID-19":[3],"has":[4,15],"changed":[5],"the":[6,38,52,82,96,99,108,112,117,125,151],"way":[7],"traditional":[8],"classes":[9],"are":[10,22,29],"conducted,":[11],"and":[12,63],"online":[13,26,142],"teaching":[14],"never":[16],"been":[17],"more":[18],"popular.":[19],"While":[20],"there":[21,28],"many":[23],"advantages":[24],"to":[25,40,69],"teaching,":[27],"also":[30],"extremely":[31],"obvious":[32],"disadvantages,":[33],"one":[34],"which":[36,148],"is":[37],"tendency":[39],"lack":[41],"concentration.":[42,73],"For":[43],"this":[44,46],"reason,":[45],"study":[47,134],"uses":[48,77],"video":[49],"images":[50],"from":[51,81],"DAiSee":[53],"dataset,":[54,84],"a":[55,64,86,136],"new":[56,65],"sampling":[57,85],"script,":[58],"deep":[59],"learning":[60],"neural":[61,100],"networks,":[62],"PAD":[66,113],"emotion":[67],"model":[68,114],"systematically":[70],"assess":[71],"student":[72],"Our":[74],"test":[75,109],"set":[76,110],"21":[78],"short":[79],"videos":[80],"DAISee":[83],"total":[87],"1,866":[89],"frames.":[90],"final":[92],"results":[93,106],"showed":[94,115],"that":[95,116],"accuracy":[97],"network":[101],"was":[102,122,131],"approximately":[103],"80%.":[104],"on":[111,145],"percentage":[118,126],"attentive":[120],"listeners":[121,130],"65.9%,":[123],"while":[124],"highly":[128],"inattentive":[129],"6.2%.":[132],"This":[133],"constructed":[135],"complete":[137],"concentration":[138,155],"monitoring":[139],"system":[140],"for":[141],"classrooms":[143],"centred":[144],"smart":[146],"education":[147],"can":[149],"provide":[150],"information":[152],"students'":[154],"in":[156],"real":[157],"time.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
