{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318159335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582083","title":"Taking Flight with Copilot","display_name":"Taking Flight with Copilot","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318159335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3582083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582083","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3582083","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3582083","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036278905","display_name":"Christian Bird","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Bird","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002962395","display_name":"Denae Ford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0654-4335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denae Ford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061605447","display_name":"Thomas Zimmermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-1469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zimmermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069657658","display_name":"Nicole Forsgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-9326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Forsgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039702621","display_name":"Eirini Kalliamvakou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7602-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090072","display_name":"Next Generation Infrastructures","ror":"https://ror.org/008cqbc52","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090072"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eirini Kalliamvakou","raw_affiliation_strings":["GitHub Next"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GitHub Next","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090072"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009168047","display_name":"Travis Lowdermilk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis Lowdermilk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037525382","display_name":"Idan Gazit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090072","display_name":"Next Generation Infrastructures","ror":"https://ror.org/008cqbc52","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090072"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idan Gazit","raw_affiliation_strings":["GitHub Next"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GitHub Next","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090072"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.5564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99861607,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"35","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.8127269744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7806718349456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6616494059562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6074182391166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.595200777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5544013977050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5133256316184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-code","display_name":"Program code","score":0.42343568801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.423331618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3398984670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3287150263786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.2810479998588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17795869708061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11467993259429932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.8127269744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7806718349456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6616494059562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6074182391166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.595200777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5544013977050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5133256316184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988963302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629206","display_name":"Program code","level":2,"score":0.42343568801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.423331618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3398984670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3287150263786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.2810479998588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17795869708061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11467993259429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3582083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582083","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3582083","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3582083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582083","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3582083","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318159335.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318159335.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135708166","https://openalex.org/W4213241976","https://openalex.org/W4225108562","https://openalex.org/W4281669078","https://openalex.org/W4285734663","https://openalex.org/W6815936655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2476117260","https://openalex.org/W2770531922","https://openalex.org/W1845068655","https://openalex.org/W4321354308","https://openalex.org/W3092441607","https://openalex.org/W2212955619","https://openalex.org/W3124296310","https://openalex.org/W2290299503","https://openalex.org/W3029851195","https://openalex.org/W2183585111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,121,125],"next":[2],"five":[3],"years,":[4],"AI-powered":[5,98],"tools":[6,99],"likely":[7],"will":[8,109],"be":[9,21],"helping":[10,70],"developers":[11,87],"in":[12,55],"many":[13],"diverse":[14],"tasks.":[15],"For":[16],"example,":[17],"such":[18,47],"models":[19,63],"may":[20,50],"used":[22],"to":[23,29,66,71,120],"improve":[24,72],"code":[25,73,92],"review,":[26],"directing":[27],"reviewers":[28],"parts":[30],"of":[31,78,83],"a":[32],"change":[33],"where":[34],"review":[35],"is":[36,115],"most":[37],"needed":[38],"or":[39,59],"even":[40],"directly":[41],"providing":[42],"feedback":[43],"on":[44],"changes.":[45],"Models":[46],"as":[48],"Codex":[49],"suggest":[51],"fixes":[52],"for":[53],"defects":[54],"code,":[56],"build":[57],"failures,":[58],"failing":[60],"tests.":[61],"These":[62],"are":[64,100],"able":[65],"write":[67],"tests":[68],"automatically,":[69],"quality":[74],"and":[75],"downstream":[76],"reliability":[77],"distributed":[79],"systems.":[80],"This":[81],"study":[82],"Copilot":[84],"shows":[85],"that":[86,112],"spend":[88],"more":[89,103,113],"time":[90,114],"reviewing":[91],"than":[93,123],"actually":[94],"writing":[95],"code.":[96],"As":[97],"integrated":[101],"into":[102],"software":[104],"development":[105],"tasks,":[106],"developer":[107],"roles":[108],"shift":[110],"so":[111],"spent":[116],"assessing":[117],"suggestions":[118],"related":[119],"task":[122,126],"doing":[124],"itself.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}