{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388031315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581784.3607102","title":"Calculon: a methodology and tool for high-level co-design of systems and large language models","display_name":"Calculon: a methodology and tool for high-level co-design of systems and large language models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388031315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581784.3607102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3581784.3607102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581784.3607102","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3581784.3607102","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3581784.3607102","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088588076","display_name":"Mikhail Isaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2599-9741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Isaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087614058","display_name":"Nic McDonald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nic Mcdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nvidia, Salt Lake City, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nvidia, Salt Lake City, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011612779","display_name":"Larry Dennison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-1083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry Dennison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nvidia, Westford, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nvidia, Westford, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016738770","display_name":"Richard Vuduc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-138X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Vuduc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088588076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9435792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7519556283950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.711780846118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6724787354469299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.6281851530075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.5699957013130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5578203797340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-system-level-design-and-verification","display_name":"Electronic system-level design and verification","score":0.4474918842315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43476617336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.42125046253204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.41614237427711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.37909597158432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3201814293861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23958471417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2214236855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13322708010673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12705102562904358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7519556283950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.711780846118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6724787354469299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.6281851530075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.5699957013130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5578203797340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77495112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358436","display_name":"Electronic system-level design and verification","level":2,"score":0.4474918842315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43476617336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.42125046253204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.41614237427711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.37909597158432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3201814293861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23958471417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2214236855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13322708010673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12705102562904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3581784.3607102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581784.3607102","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3581784.3607102","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3581784.3607102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581784.3607102","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3581784.3607102","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388031315.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388031315.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493774699","https://openalex.org/W1967134278","https://openalex.org/W2338908902","https://openalex.org/W2612076670","https://openalex.org/W2787299084","https://openalex.org/W2807615772","https://openalex.org/W2914304175","https://openalex.org/W2953212265","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W2973727699","https://openalex.org/W3012479151","https://openalex.org/W3036878841","https://openalex.org/W3081168214","https://openalex.org/W3132107458","https://openalex.org/W3157055696","https://openalex.org/W3163465001","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3204998121","https://openalex.org/W3205803342","https://openalex.org/W4221167110","https://openalex.org/W4224035735","https://openalex.org/W4226064176","https://openalex.org/W4280611847","https://openalex.org/W4287204036","https://openalex.org/W4290753950","https://openalex.org/W4312060029","https://openalex.org/W4316252379","https://openalex.org/W4321636575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790192245","https://openalex.org/W2034700470","https://openalex.org/W2576551918","https://openalex.org/W2042762783","https://openalex.org/W2575436408","https://openalex.org/W4301508730","https://openalex.org/W2625290148","https://openalex.org/W1572417577","https://openalex.org/W2059569687","https://openalex.org/W1996984607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,20],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,58,64,94],"parameterized":[4],"analytical":[5],"performance":[6,28],"model":[7,21,90],"of":[8,27,39,53,67,84],"transformer-based":[9],"Large":[10],"Language":[11],"Models":[12],"(LLMs)":[13],"for":[14,34],"guiding":[15],"high-level":[16],"algorithm-architecture":[17],"codesign":[18],"studies.":[19],"derives":[22],"from":[23,111],"an":[24],"extensive":[25],"survey":[26],"optimizations":[29],"that":[30,107],"have":[31],"been":[32],"proposed":[33],"the":[35,41,47,51,81,119],"training":[36,115],"and":[37,50,69,91,114,128],"inference":[38,113],"LLMs;":[40],"model's":[42],"parameters":[43],"capture":[44],"application":[45],"characteristics,":[46],"hardware":[48,68],"system,":[49],"space":[52,66],"implementation":[54],"strategies.":[55],"With":[56],"such":[57],"model,":[59],"we":[60,102],"can":[61],"systematically":[62],"explore":[63],"joint":[65],"software":[70],"configurations":[71],"to":[72,122],"identify":[73],"optimal":[74],"system":[75,85,105],"designs":[76,106],"under":[77],"given":[78],"constraints,":[79],"like":[80],"total":[82],"amount":[83],"memory.":[86],"We":[87],"implemented":[88],"this":[89],"methodology":[92],"in":[93],"Python-based":[95],"open-source":[96],"tool":[97],"called":[98],"Calculon.":[99],"Using":[100],"it,":[101],"identified":[103],"novel":[104],"look":[108],"significantly":[109],"different":[110],"current":[112],"systems,":[116],"showing":[117],"quantitatively":[118],"estimated":[120],"potential":[121],"achieve":[123],"higher":[124],"efficiency,":[125],"lower":[126],"cost,":[127],"better":[129],"scalability.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
