{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387968184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581783.3612162","title":"Exploring the Knowledge Transferred by Response-Based Teacher-Student Distillation","display_name":"Exploring the Knowledge Transferred by Response-Based Teacher-Student Distillation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387968184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581783.3612162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3581783.3612162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581783.3612162","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079245916","display_name":"Liangchen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-5088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liangchen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039708825","display_name":"Xuan Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8303-633X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014166482","display_name":"Helong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8427-8366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726824","display_name":"Horizon Robotics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cmv6g68","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horizon Robotics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horizon Robotics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102794591","display_name":"Jiajie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2005-0200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726824","display_name":"Horizon Robotics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cmv6g68","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horizon Robotics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horizon Robotics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102817767","display_name":"Qian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4123-8979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726824","display_name":"Horizon Robotics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cmv6g68","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horizon Robotics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horizon Robotics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003875781","display_name":"David Doermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-4561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Doermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junsong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079245916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81552777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2704","last_page":"2713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.8100790977478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.6790234446525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.650822103023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6426668167114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.5325958132743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.48068198561668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.46260273456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.37914514541625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3656400442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3468019962310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17743560671806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.13057291507720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.11209043860435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.10937783122062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09158137440681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08969631791114807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.8100790977478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6790234446525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.650822103023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6426668167114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.5325958132743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48068198561668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.46260273456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37914514541625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3656400442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3468019962310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17743560671806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13057291507720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.11209043860435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.10937783122062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09158137440681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08969631791114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3581783.3612162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3581783.3612162","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1099903527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001120C0124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2739879705","https://openalex.org/W2886756692","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2955192706","https://openalex.org/W2963140444","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963855133","https://openalex.org/W2964111476","https://openalex.org/W2965100203","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2982242214","https://openalex.org/W3034368386","https://openalex.org/W3034429256","https://openalex.org/W3034756453","https://openalex.org/W3034870355","https://openalex.org/W3035163969","https://openalex.org/W3035223629","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3138154797","https://openalex.org/W3167976421","https://openalex.org/W3174102142","https://openalex.org/W3177378457","https://openalex.org/W6600804845","https://openalex.org/W6931259419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2475116013","https://openalex.org/W2066741154","https://openalex.org/W2770018148","https://openalex.org/W2358308169","https://openalex.org/W2385135707","https://openalex.org/W2059109728","https://openalex.org/W2082556335","https://openalex.org/W322691623","https://openalex.org/W2494989134","https://openalex.org/W2509444723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Response-based":[0],"Knowledge":[1],"Distillation":[2],"refers":[3],"to":[4,36,69],"the":[5,9,13,24,28,34,42,50,88,100,109,135,137],"technique":[6],"of":[7,65,95],"supervising":[8],"student":[10,101,138],"network":[11],"with":[12,127],"teacher":[14],"networks'":[15],"predictions.":[16],"The":[17],"method":[18],"is":[19,33,123,164],"motivated":[20],"by":[21,90,158],"observing":[22],"that":[23],"predicted":[25,77],"probabilities":[26],"reflect":[27],"relation":[29],"among":[30],"labels,":[31],"which":[32,96,122],"knowledge":[35,44,51],"be":[37,81],"transferred.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"explores":[41],"transferred":[43,52],"from":[45,141],"a":[46,159],"novel":[47],"perspective:":[48],"comparing":[49],"through":[53],"different":[54,128],"teachers.":[55],"Two":[56],"intriguing":[57],"properties":[58],"are":[59],"observed.":[60],"First,":[61],"higher":[62],"confidence":[63],"scores":[64],"teachers'":[66,75,92],"predictions":[67],"lead":[68],"better":[70],"distillation":[71,117],"results,":[72],"and":[73],"second,":[74],"incorrectly":[76],"training":[78],"samples":[79],"should":[80],"kept":[82],"for":[83],"distillation.":[84],"We":[85],"then":[86],"analyze":[87],"phenomenon":[89],"studying":[91],"decision":[93],"boundaries,":[94],"some":[97,104],"can":[98],"help":[99],"generalize":[102],"while":[103],"may":[105],"not.":[106],"Based":[107],"on":[108,125],"observations,":[110],"we":[111],"further":[112],"propose":[113],"an":[114],"embarrassingly":[115],"simple":[116],"framework":[118],"named":[119],"Efficient":[120],"Distillation,":[121],"effective":[124],"ImageNet":[126],"teacher-student":[129],"pairs:":[130],"When":[131],"using":[132],"ResNet34":[133],"as":[134],"teacher,":[136],"ResNet18":[139],"trained":[140],"scratch":[142],"reaches":[143],"74.07%":[144],"Top-1":[145],"accuracy":[146],"within":[147],"98":[148],"GPU":[149],"hours":[150],"(RTX":[151],"3090),":[152],"outperforming":[153],"current":[154],"state-of-the-art":[155],"result":[156],"(73.19%)":[157],"large":[160],"margin.":[161],"Our":[162],"code":[163],"available":[165],"at":[166],"https://github.com/lsongx/EffDstl.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}