{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383533432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597692","title":"Ambiguous Contracts","display_name":"Ambiguous Contracts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383533432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3580507.3597692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597692","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001194202","display_name":"Paul D\u00fctting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-6812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100430","display_name":"Google (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/014f9c269","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210100430","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Duetting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-6812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103282352","display_name":"Michal Feldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056607246","display_name":"Daniel Peretz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4737-645X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Peretz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4737-645X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001194202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57023742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"539","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.7368555665016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.7016615867614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6379064321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6255584955215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.5974962115287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5458115339279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-theory","display_name":"Contract theory","score":0.4125324785709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.3319585919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20882543921470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19530990719795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1210225522518158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.7368555665016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.7016615867614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6379064321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6255584955215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5974962115287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5458115339279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79301358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1918846","display_name":"Contract theory","level":2,"score":0.4125324785709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3319585919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20882543921470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19530990719795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1210225522518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3580507.3597692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597692","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4342642596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6529739950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"866132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7036488216","display_name":"Robust Algorithmic Game Theory","funder_award_id":"866132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306593","display_name":"Amazon Conservation Association","ror":"https://ror.org/00d85b855"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978999882","https://openalex.org/W2153369162","https://openalex.org/W2119369480","https://openalex.org/W3141031773","https://openalex.org/W1595686156","https://openalex.org/W3154998746","https://openalex.org/W4383558041","https://openalex.org/W3088623523","https://openalex.org/W1980474749","https://openalex.org/W2619197611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,26],"this":[1,27],"paper":[2,28],"we":[3,29],"introduce":[4,30],"a":[5,31,65,82],"model":[6,32,59],"of":[7,24,33,50,64],"ambiguous":[8,34],"contracts,":[9,35],"capturing":[10,36],"many":[11,37],"real-life":[12,38],"scenarios":[13,39],"where":[14,40,67],"agents":[15,41],"engage":[16,42],"in":[17,43],"contractual":[18,44],"relations":[19,45],"that":[20,46],"leave":[21,47],"some":[22,48],"degree":[23,49],"uncertainty.":[25,51],"Our":[52],"starting":[53],"point":[54],"is":[55],"the":[56,61,68],"celebrated":[57],"hidden-action":[58],"and":[60],"classic":[62],"notion":[63],"contract,":[66],"principal":[69],"commits":[70],"to":[71,80],"an":[72,78],"outcome-contingent":[73],"payment":[74],"scheme":[75],"for":[76],"incentivizing":[77],"agent":[79],"take":[81],"costly":[83],"action.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-02T08:42:23.175194","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}