{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097831826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579856.3582837","title":"T-TER: Defeating A2 Trojans with Targeted Tamper-Evident Routing","display_name":"T-TER: Defeating A2 Trojans with Targeted Tamper-Evident Routing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097831826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579856.3582837","mag":"3097831826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579856.3582837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579856.3582837","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/152145/1/3579856.3582837.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031353712","display_name":"Timothy Trippel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-6868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Trippel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-6868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053541912","display_name":"Kang G. Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-8777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang G. Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-8777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054731359","display_name":"Kevin B. Bush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-5293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin B. Bush","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-5293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048181945","display_name":"Matthew Hicks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-4342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Hicks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-4342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031353712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7955,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8299299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"746","last_page":"759"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.8261880874633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.6413844227790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.5696064829826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5611845254898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5547171235084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5051198601722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4753546416759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4494816064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44333091378211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundry","display_name":"Foundry","score":0.43771085143089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.435024231672287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4152350425720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2749987244606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18201550841331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15327566862106323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.8261880874633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6413844227790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5696064829826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5611845254898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5547171235084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5051198601722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4753546416759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4494816064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44333091378211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13883136","display_name":"Foundry","level":2,"score":0.43771085143089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.435024231672287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4152350425720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2749987244606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18201550841331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15327566862106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579856.3582837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579856.3582837","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/152145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152145","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/152145/1/3579856.3582837.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/115962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115962","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/5a4d21c8-c5a7-4800-82ff-34675df2e319/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/152145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152145","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/152145/1/3579856.3582837.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6912749656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1256260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097831826.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097831826.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76123274","https://openalex.org/W83507793","https://openalex.org/W104452748","https://openalex.org/W1492970950","https://openalex.org/W1496024054","https://openalex.org/W1500140210","https://openalex.org/W1541663547","https://openalex.org/W1556480701","https://openalex.org/W1892172799","https://openalex.org/W1952517978","https://openalex.org/W1970753514","https://openalex.org/W1984341217","https://openalex.org/W1990097965","https://openalex.org/W2010699766","https://openalex.org/W2014828568","https://openalex.org/W2026891388","https://openalex.org/W2026936612","https://openalex.org/W2036620903","https://openalex.org/W2053610355","https://openalex.org/W2065181350","https://openalex.org/W2083358202","https://openalex.org/W2093137120","https://openalex.org/W2102198032","https://openalex.org/W2106366482","https://openalex.org/W2106927431","https://openalex.org/W2108536434","https://openalex.org/W2113436456","https://openalex.org/W2115275360","https://openalex.org/W2115394282","https://openalex.org/W2120912790","https://openalex.org/W2122509673","https://openalex.org/W2131129639","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2150928734","https://openalex.org/W2151668694","https://openalex.org/W2152584217","https://openalex.org/W2154978532","https://openalex.org/W2160920101","https://openalex.org/W2161715735","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2164798872","https://openalex.org/W2172075479","https://openalex.org/W2197932458","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2415766129","https://openalex.org/W2484886826","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2605103081","https://openalex.org/W2774510177","https://openalex.org/W2808465023","https://openalex.org/W2900368049","https://openalex.org/W3015325772","https://openalex.org/W3015879501","https://openalex.org/W3112895278","https://openalex.org/W4230229091","https://openalex.org/W4244029792","https://openalex.org/W4248506941","https://openalex.org/W4249886083","https://openalex.org/W4250102534","https://openalex.org/W4250634373","https://openalex.org/W4254693127","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299522686","https://openalex.org/W4300908206","https://openalex.org/W4302312556","https://openalex.org/W4302557380","https://openalex.org/W4402262144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W2999465529","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W1526642037","https://openalex.org/W4321062229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,4,8,11,53,66,70],"inception":[2],"of":[3,10,55,121],"Integrated":[5],"Circuit":[6],"(IC),":[7],"size":[9,54],"transistors":[12],"used":[13],"to":[14,63,103],"construct":[15],"them":[16],"has":[17,68],"continually":[18],"shrunk.":[19],"While":[20],"this":[21],"advancement":[22],"significantly":[23],"improves":[24],"computing":[25],"capability,":[26],"fabrication":[27,74],"costs":[28],"have":[29,101],"skyrocketed.":[30],"As":[31],"a":[32,44,77,82,122],"result,":[33],"most":[34],"IC":[35],"designers":[36],"must":[37],"now":[38],"outsource":[39],"fabrication.":[40],"Outsourcing,":[41],"however,":[42],"presents":[43],"security":[45],"threat:":[46],"comprehensive":[47],"post-fabrication":[48],"inspection":[49],"is":[50,60,85],"infeasible":[51],"given":[52],"modern":[56],"ICs,":[57],"so":[58],"it":[59],"nearly":[61],"impossible":[62],"know":[64],"if":[65],"foundry":[67],"altered":[69],"original":[71],"design":[72],"during":[73],"(i.e.,":[75],"inserted":[76],"hardware":[78],"Trojan).":[79],"Defending":[80],"against":[81,116],"foundry-side":[83,108],"adversary":[84],"challenging":[86],"because\u2014even":[87],"with":[88,119],"as":[89,91],"few":[90,123],"two":[92],"gates\u2014hardware":[93],"Trojans":[94,118],"can":[95],"completely":[96],"undermine":[97],"software":[98],"security.":[99],"Researchers":[100],"attempted":[102],"both":[104],"detect":[105],"and":[106],"prevent":[107],"attacks,":[109],"but":[110],"all":[111],"existing":[112],"defenses":[113],"are":[114],"ineffective":[115],"additive":[117],"footprints":[120],"gates":[124],"or":[125],"less.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
