{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4365999041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579460","title":"Being Trustworthy is Not Enough: How Untrustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) Can Deceive the End-Users and Gain Their Trust","display_name":"Being Trustworthy is Not Enough: How Untrustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) Can Deceive the End-Users and Gain Their Trust","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4365999041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060671078","display_name":"Nikola Banovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-3264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Banovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018050901","display_name":"Zhuoran Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-8011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101696375","display_name":"Aditya Ramesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5984-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081818251","display_name":"Alice Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8397-2707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060671078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98026091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"CSCW1","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.8704071044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.766745924949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6987746357917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5921661853790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honesty","display_name":"Honesty","score":0.48812994360923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.462340772151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.412496417760849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2982032895088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16201326251029968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.8704071044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.766745924949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6987746357917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5921661853790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777293324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337349","display_name":"Honesty","level":2,"score":0.48812994360923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.462340772151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.412496417760849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2982032895088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16201326251029968}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010085810","https://openalex.org/W2110171129","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2136407476","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2570668993","https://openalex.org/W2593883017","https://openalex.org/W2594678573","https://openalex.org/W2611359969","https://openalex.org/W2740720719","https://openalex.org/W2787943363","https://openalex.org/W2790831167","https://openalex.org/W2896487960","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W2916904544","https://openalex.org/W2942157335","https://openalex.org/W2942444880","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963847595","https://openalex.org/W2964303497","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2999637955","https://openalex.org/W2999765337","https://openalex.org/W3001062618","https://openalex.org/W3001248429","https://openalex.org/W3005073185","https://openalex.org/W3010109960","https://openalex.org/W3010300896","https://openalex.org/W3010330612","https://openalex.org/W3013149459","https://openalex.org/W3013160799","https://openalex.org/W3016099278","https://openalex.org/W3019489177","https://openalex.org/W3028689275","https://openalex.org/W3029127631","https://openalex.org/W3030350595","https://openalex.org/W3101792976","https://openalex.org/W3103751997","https://openalex.org/W3104847483","https://openalex.org/W3119394424","https://openalex.org/W3122425653","https://openalex.org/W3122778363","https://openalex.org/W3125633690","https://openalex.org/W3159250634","https://openalex.org/W3161710425","https://openalex.org/W3162428030","https://openalex.org/W3162683185","https://openalex.org/W3163411042","https://openalex.org/W3202538470","https://openalex.org/W3204734566","https://openalex.org/W3207594185","https://openalex.org/W3207598588","https://openalex.org/W3215475614","https://openalex.org/W4213426744","https://openalex.org/W4248588746","https://openalex.org/W4280596242","https://openalex.org/W4288083705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368490655","https://openalex.org/W2369889065","https://openalex.org/W2379032202","https://openalex.org/W2376101501","https://openalex.org/W2374095024","https://openalex.org/W2350812395","https://openalex.org/W2363813142","https://openalex.org/W2492278949","https://openalex.org/W2810129741","https://openalex.org/W2914095612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trustworthy":[0],"Artificial":[1],"Intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"is":[4],"characterized,":[5],"among":[6],"other":[7,42],"things,":[8],"by:":[9],"1)":[10],"competence,":[11],"2)":[12],"transparency,":[13],"and":[14,75,110],"3)":[15],"fairness.":[16],"However,":[17],"end-users":[18,60,154],"may":[19],"fail":[20],"to":[21,28,37,53,61,128,143,152],"recognize":[22],"incompetent":[23],"AI,":[24,139],"allowing":[25],"untrustworthy":[26,56,76,102,138],"AI":[27,57,130,156],"exaggerate":[29],"its":[30,106,141],"competence":[31,99,131],"under":[32],"the":[33,101,137],"guise":[34],"of":[35,150],"transparency":[36,96],"gain":[38,62],"unfair":[39],"advantage":[40],"over":[41],"trustworthy":[43,72],"AI.":[44],"Here,":[45],"we":[46],"conducted":[47],"an":[48],"experiment":[49],"with":[50,67,136],"120":[51],"participants":[52,81,119],"test":[54],"if":[55],"can":[58],"deceive":[59],"their":[63,98,134],"trust.":[64],"Participants":[65,125],"interacted":[66],"two":[68],"AI-based":[69],"chess":[70,84],"engines,":[71],"(competent,":[73],"fair)":[74],"(incompetent,":[77],"unfair),":[78],"that":[79],"coached":[80],"by":[82,132],"suggesting":[83],"moves":[85],"in":[86],"three":[87],"games":[88],"against":[89],"another":[90],"engine":[91],"opponent.":[92],"We":[93,108],"varied":[94],"coaches'":[95,122],"about":[97],"(with":[100],"one":[103],"always":[104],"exaggerating":[105],"competence).":[107],"quantified":[109],"objectively":[111],"measured":[112],"participants'":[113],"trust":[114,135],"based":[115],"on":[116,121],"how":[117],"often":[118],"relied":[120],"move":[123],"recommendations.":[124],"showed":[126],"inability":[127],"assess":[129,155],"misplacing":[133],"confirming":[140],"ability":[142],"deceive.":[144],"Our":[145],"work":[146],"calls":[147],"for":[148],"design":[149],"interactions":[151],"help":[153],"trustworthiness.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}