{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380881104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589073","title":"Metior: A Comprehensive Model to Evaluate Obfuscating Side-Channel Defense Schemes","display_name":"Metior: A Comprehensive Model to Evaluate Obfuscating Side-Channel Defense Schemes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380881104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579371.3589073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589073","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589073","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589073","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042797904","display_name":"Peter W. Deutsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter W. Deutsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-2154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085093758","display_name":"Weon Taek Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-2461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weon Taek Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-2461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031573662","display_name":"Thomas Bourgeat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-8409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Bourgeat","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-8409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024384625","display_name":"Joel Emer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel S. Emer","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT/NVIDIA, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-5466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT/NVIDIA, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057740643","display_name":"Mengjia Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-9674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjia Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-9674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042797904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2153,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9006568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.7752184867858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7155251502990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7077928185462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6142202615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5496484041213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5094874501228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.45389601588249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4409991204738617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.42248743772506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36820799112319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.18855848908424377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.7752184867858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7155251502990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7077928185462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6142202615737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5496484041213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5094874501228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.45389601588249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4409991204738617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42248743772506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36820799112319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.18855848908424377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579371.3589073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589073","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589073","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/151102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/151102","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/151102/1/3579371.3589073.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579371.3589073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589073","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589073","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2931176339","display_name":"CAREER: A Quantitative Framework for Analyzing and Mitigating Microarchitectural Side Channels","funder_award_id":"2046359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G36446433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-20-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3804266116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2217099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4427822279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-20-1-0402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080069050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2046359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5729145195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8598912940","display_name":"Collaborative Research: PPoSS: LARGE: A Full-Stack Architecture for Sparse Computation","funder_award_id":"2217099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380881104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380881104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519063324","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1934458198","https://openalex.org/W2017371166","https://openalex.org/W2024540116","https://openalex.org/W2025539306","https://openalex.org/W2041103425","https://openalex.org/W2092160538","https://openalex.org/W2113235308","https://openalex.org/W2119966192","https://openalex.org/W2141273270","https://openalex.org/W2144087043","https://openalex.org/W2166293920","https://openalex.org/W2171023083","https://openalex.org/W2239632431","https://openalex.org/W2343097824","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2613970414","https://openalex.org/W2766026515","https://openalex.org/W2766052299","https://openalex.org/W2810584084","https://openalex.org/W2896496024","https://openalex.org/W2902247216","https://openalex.org/W2903035991","https://openalex.org/W2910299242","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2979547870","https://openalex.org/W2991055900","https://openalex.org/W3012115292","https://openalex.org/W3019195326","https://openalex.org/W3047132017","https://openalex.org/W3103430139","https://openalex.org/W3139938843","https://openalex.org/W3145598683","https://openalex.org/W4214757266","https://openalex.org/W4221142746","https://openalex.org/W4236016574","https://openalex.org/W4316253332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123987581","https://openalex.org/W2358406440","https://openalex.org/W2022533428","https://openalex.org/W2580249689","https://openalex.org/W2103519941","https://openalex.org/W2769734684","https://openalex.org/W2969678054","https://openalex.org/W1796231437","https://openalex.org/W2352435628","https://openalex.org/W2903787673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microarchitectural":[0],"side-channels":[1],"enable":[2],"an":[3],"attacker":[4],"to":[5],"exfiltrate":[6],"information":[7],"via":[8],"the":[9,53,57,70],"observable":[10],"side-effects":[11],"of":[12,56,60,73],"a":[13,74],"victim's":[14],"execution.":[15],"Obfuscating":[16],"mitigation":[17],"schemes":[18,67],"have":[19],"recently":[20],"gained":[21],"in":[22],"popularity":[23],"for":[24],"their":[25],"appealing":[26],"performance":[27],"characteristics.":[28],"These":[29],"schemes,":[30,62],"including":[31],"randomized":[32],"caches":[33],"and":[34,76],"DRAM":[35],"traffic":[36],"shapers,":[37],"limit,":[38],"but":[39],"do":[40],"not":[41],"completely":[42],"eliminate,":[43],"side-channel":[44],"leakage.":[45],"An":[46],"important":[47],"(yet":[48],"under-explored)":[49],"research":[50],"challenge":[51],"is":[52],"quantitative":[54],"study":[55],"security":[58,71],"effectiveness":[59],"these":[61,65],"identifying":[63],"whether":[64],"obfuscating":[66],"help":[68],"increase":[69],"level":[72],"system,":[75],"if":[77],"so,":[78],"by":[79],"how":[80],"much.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}