{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380881079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589051","title":"DRAM Translation Layer: Software-Transparent DRAM Power Savings for Disaggregated Memory","display_name":"DRAM Translation Layer: Software-Transparent DRAM Power Savings for Disaggregated Memory","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380881079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579371.3589051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589051","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589051","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589051","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103244874","display_name":"Wenjing Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1846-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069081190","display_name":"W J Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8741-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonsuk Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088582502","display_name":"Haneul Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6286-0980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haneul Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101986912","display_name":"Jong-Sung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-0611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongsung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Republic of Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088587799","display_name":"Soosung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4430-7752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soosung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415731","display_name":"Jae W. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae W. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Republic of Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103244874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6235,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84219617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.8788524270057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8022544384002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-memory","display_name":"Universal memory","score":0.718894362449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-controller","display_name":"Memory controller","score":0.6500176191329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cas-latency","display_name":"CAS latency","score":0.6324071884155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5711888074874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.36362528800964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.3354184627532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.27623918652534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaved-memory","display_name":"Interleaved memory","score":0.16349303722381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.13735440373420715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.8788524270057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8022544384002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195053848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7894141","display_name":"Universal memory","level":5,"score":0.718894362449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100800780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1175867","display_name":"Memory controller","level":3,"score":0.6500176191329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189930140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112878","display_name":"CAS latency","level":4,"score":0.6324071884155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5711888074874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.36362528800964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.3354184627532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.27623918652534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63511323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908936","display_name":"Interleaved memory","level":4,"score":0.16349303722381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.13735440373420715}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579371.3589051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589051","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589051","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579371.3589051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579371.3589051","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579371.3589051","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1950449498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00853","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072120315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380881079.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380881079.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964423823","https://openalex.org/W1967723653","https://openalex.org/W1987912519","https://openalex.org/W1993089791","https://openalex.org/W2036895660","https://openalex.org/W2104305170","https://openalex.org/W2135674775","https://openalex.org/W2144518192","https://openalex.org/W2147932103","https://openalex.org/W2168886965","https://openalex.org/W2171822417","https://openalex.org/W2252166639","https://openalex.org/W2340522713","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2764100055","https://openalex.org/W2798337732","https://openalex.org/W2892785410","https://openalex.org/W2904299207","https://openalex.org/W2926143647","https://openalex.org/W2953038929","https://openalex.org/W2970546348","https://openalex.org/W2980413965","https://openalex.org/W3021027963","https://openalex.org/W3091205277","https://openalex.org/W3113714506","https://openalex.org/W3207218827","https://openalex.org/W4211178602","https://openalex.org/W4214753036","https://openalex.org/W4244587329","https://openalex.org/W4288092138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293430534","https://openalex.org/W4297812927","https://openalex.org/W2335743642","https://openalex.org/W2800412005","https://openalex.org/W2154976966","https://openalex.org/W2122646225","https://openalex.org/W4291214134","https://openalex.org/W3140615508","https://openalex.org/W2029945810","https://openalex.org/W2912837441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Memory":[0],"disaggregation":[1],"is":[2,27,65,89,153],"a":[3,18,73,223,230,262,289],"promising":[4],"solution":[5],"to":[6,29,67,85,107,120,160,193,239,277],"scale":[7],"memory":[8,113,158,178,220],"capacity":[9,60],"and":[10,20,170,175,212,234,242,291],"bandwidth":[11],"shared":[12],"by":[13,144,257,275],"multiple":[14],"server":[15],"nodes":[16],"in":[17,38,49,61,149,155],"flexible":[19,163],"cost-effective":[21],"manner.":[22],"DRAM":[23,59,70,79,94,100,118,129,136,141,171,186,198,208,255,272],"power":[24,37,95,137,256],"consumption,":[25],"which":[26],"reported":[28],"be":[30],"around":[31],"40%":[32],"of":[33,58,197,225,229],"the":[34,39,54,77,108,156,195],"total":[35],"system":[36,109],"datacenter":[40],"server,":[41],"will":[42],"become":[43],"an":[44],"even":[45,117],"more":[46],"serious":[47],"concern":[48],"this":[50,252],"high-capacity":[51],"environment.":[52],"Exploiting":[53],"low":[55],"average":[56,260],"utilization":[57],"today's":[62],"datacenters,":[63],"it":[64,293],"appealing":[66],"put":[68],"unallocated/cold":[69],"ranks":[71,199,226],"into":[72,222,288],"power-saving":[74,101,187],"mode.":[75,296],"However,":[76],"conventional":[78],"address":[80,164,169,174],"mapping":[81],"with":[82,91,139,189,247,279],"fine-grained":[83],"interleaving":[84],"maximize":[86,194],"rank-level":[87,93,210],"parallelism":[88],"incompatible":[90],"such":[92],"management":[96,138],"techniques.":[97],"Furthermore,":[98],"existing":[99],"techniques":[102,188],"often":[103],"require":[104],"intrusive":[105],"changes":[106],"stack,":[110],"including":[111],"OS,":[112],"controller":[114,159],"(MC),":[115],"or":[116],"devices,":[119],"pose":[121],"additional":[122],"challenges":[123],"for":[124,133],"deployment.":[125],"Thus,":[126],"we":[127,183],"propose":[128,184],"Translation":[130,146],"Layer":[131,147],"(DTL)":[132],"host":[134,167,243],"software/MC-transparent":[135],"commodity":[140],"devices.":[142],"Inspired":[143],"Flash":[145],"(FTL)":[148],"modern":[150],"SSDs,":[151],"DTL":[152],"placed":[154],"CXL":[157],"provide":[161],"(i)":[162],"mappings":[165],"between":[166],"physical":[168,173],"device":[172],"(ii)":[176],"host-transparent":[177],"page":[179],"migration.":[180],"Leveraging":[181],"DTL,":[182],"two":[185],"different":[190],"temporal":[191],"granularities":[192],"number":[196],"that":[200,251],"can":[201],"enter":[202,294],"low-power":[203],"states":[204],"while":[205],"provisioning":[206],"sufficient":[207],"bandwidth:":[209],"power-down":[211],"hotness-aware":[213,267],"self-refresh.":[214],"The":[215,266],"first":[216],"technique":[217,253],"consolidates":[218],"unallocated":[219],"pages":[221,287],"subset":[224],"at":[227,261],"deallocation":[228],"virtual":[231],"machine":[232],"(VM)":[233],"turns":[235],"them":[236],"off":[237],"transparently":[238],"both":[240],"OS":[241],"MC.":[244],"Our":[245],"evaluation":[246],"CloudSuite":[248],"benchmarks":[249],"demonstrates":[250],"saves":[254],"31.6%":[258],"on":[259],"1.6%":[263],"performance":[264,281],"cost.":[265],"self-refresh":[268,295],"scheme":[269],"further":[270],"reduces":[271],"energy":[273],"consumption":[274],"up":[276],"14.9%":[278],"negligible":[280],"loss":[282],"via":[283],"opportunistically":[284],"migrating":[285],"cold":[286],"rank":[290],"making":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}