{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320507211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579051.3579055","title":"SPaReL: A Semantic Parsing Relation Linking Method for Knowledge Base Question Answering","display_name":"SPaReL: A Semantic Parsing Relation Linking Method for Knowledge Base Question Answering","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320507211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579051.3579055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579051.3579055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579051.3579055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074780998","display_name":"Xinbang Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9547-5663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinbang Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9547-5663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079995846","display_name":"Huiying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-7193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-7193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022423443","display_name":"Tenggou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-6685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tenggou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-6685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078238614","display_name":"Lei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8738-4363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8738-4363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045258830","display_name":"Yuxi Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-2894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-2894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068141282","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-2377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-2377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074780998"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17304614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"73","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8543351888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.7514427900314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7018194794654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6686546206474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6503497362136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.641853928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5821546912193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.5662195086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-extraction","display_name":"Relationship extraction","score":0.48497533798217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.47366008162498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4624040722846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4311399459838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.42786848545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33035808801651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17006468772888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1670626699924469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8543351888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7514427900314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7018194794654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6686546206474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6503497362136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.641853928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5821546912193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5662195086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153604712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310755","display_name":"Relationship extraction","level":3,"score":0.48497533798217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.47366008162498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4624040722846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4311399459838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.42786848545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33035808801651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17006468772888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1670626699924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3579051.3579055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579051.3579055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080133951","https://openalex.org/W2759200442","https://openalex.org/W2763039547","https://openalex.org/W2774249241","https://openalex.org/W2778792674","https://openalex.org/W2917458986","https://openalex.org/W2946606955","https://openalex.org/W2952826391","https://openalex.org/W2963102202","https://openalex.org/W2980646235","https://openalex.org/W2997028620","https://openalex.org/W3013778764","https://openalex.org/W3085243036","https://openalex.org/W3099252223","https://openalex.org/W3110353462","https://openalex.org/W3173625863","https://openalex.org/W3173677700","https://openalex.org/W3177355445","https://openalex.org/W4235505822","https://openalex.org/W4241521408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134247745","https://openalex.org/W4226243593","https://openalex.org/W3172691639","https://openalex.org/W2963582704","https://openalex.org/W3157284875","https://openalex.org/W2259406085","https://openalex.org/W2099715052","https://openalex.org/W2147241511","https://openalex.org/W4226247999","https://openalex.org/W4213176082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relation":[0,82],"linking":[1,26,74,131],"is":[2,62],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"module":[5],"of":[6,16,21,30,34,59,66,120,128],"knowledge":[7],"base":[8],"question":[9,61,112],"answering":[10],"systems.":[11,36],"To":[12],"overcome":[13],"the":[14,38,45,55,60,118,125,129,137,141,145,154,161,164],"ambiguity":[15],"natural":[17],"language":[18],"and":[19,48,140,181],"lack":[20],"training":[22],"data,":[23],"existing":[24],"relation":[25,67,73,109,130,162],"systems":[27],"employ":[28],"varieties":[29],"heuristics":[31],"or":[32],"aggregations":[33],"multiple":[35],"However,":[37],"current":[39],"state-of-the-art":[40,170],"methods":[41],"heavily":[42],"rely":[43],"on":[44,124,172],"surface":[46],"text":[47],"do":[49],"not":[50],"achieve":[51],"optimal":[52],"results.":[53],"Since":[54],"semantic":[56,88,113,146],"parsing":[57,89,114],"structure":[58],"a":[63,78,102,111,149],"rich":[64],"source":[65],"information":[68,139],"that":[69,105],"can":[70],"strongly":[71],"promote":[72],"performance,":[75],"we":[76],"propose":[77],"two-stage":[79],"Semantic":[80],"Parsing":[81],"Linking":[83],"system:":[84],"SPaReL,":[85],"which":[86],"leverages":[87],"using":[90],"abstract":[91],"meaning":[92],"representation":[93],"(AMR)":[94],"to":[95,116,152,159],"predict":[96,160],"relations.":[97],"The":[98,133],"first":[99],"stage":[100,135],"employs":[101],"cross-encoder":[103],"model":[104,151],"concatenates":[106],"each":[107],"candidate":[108,122,157],"with":[110,163],"slot":[115,142],"reduce":[117],"influence":[119],"irrelevant":[121],"relations":[123,158],"prediction":[126],"performance":[127],"model.":[132],"second":[134],"integrates":[136],"sentence":[138],"processed":[143],"by":[144],"parser,":[147],"uses":[148],"dual-encoder":[150],"link":[153],"remaining":[155],"high-relevance":[156],"highest":[165],"score.":[166],"Our":[167],"system":[168],"achieves":[169],"results":[171],"four":[173],"KBQA":[174],"datasets,":[175],"LC-QuAD":[176,178],"1.0,":[177],"2.0,":[179],"QALD-7":[180],"QALD-9.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}