{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126629198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605122","title":"Causal Collaborative Filtering","display_name":"Causal Collaborative Filtering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126629198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605122","mag":"3126629198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3578337.3605122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605122","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.01868","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040605157","display_name":"Shuyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-5223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020526977","display_name":"Yingqiang Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-2377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingqiang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-2377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668890","display_name":"Yunqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-9922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-9922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017387871","display_name":"Zuohui Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-7935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuohui Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-7935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101755392","display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-1775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-1775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329828","display_name":"Yongfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-8555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-8555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040605157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97114068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"235","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8953124284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7540667057037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-filtering","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","score":0.7149940729141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.6101188659667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.6066315770149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.598726749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5525745749473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5352097153663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlative","display_name":"Correlative","score":0.4638715982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4605855345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.4532902240753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35356202721595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1258775293827057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10050573945045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09057533740997314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8953124284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7540667057037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.7149940729141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6101188659667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.6066315770149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.598726749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5525745749473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5352097153663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776800370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172864","display_name":"Correlative","level":2,"score":0.4638715982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4605855345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4532902240753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35356202721595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1258775293827057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10050573945045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09057533740997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3578337.3605122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605122","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.01868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.01868","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.01868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.01868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.01868","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.01868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1309303346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1910154, IIS-2007907, IIS-2046457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2362517978","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1910154, 2007907, 2046457, 2127918","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4002626585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2127918","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G449450084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1910154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5500175570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1910154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597703625","https://openalex.org/W1974423219","https://openalex.org/W1999047234","https://openalex.org/W2027731328","https://openalex.org/W2042281163","https://openalex.org/W2054141820","https://openalex.org/W2102937240","https://openalex.org/W2105953200","https://openalex.org/W2137245235","https://openalex.org/W2145360759","https://openalex.org/W2155106456","https://openalex.org/W2159094788","https://openalex.org/W2171279286","https://openalex.org/W2171960770","https://openalex.org/W2295739661","https://openalex.org/W2475334473","https://openalex.org/W2486285194","https://openalex.org/W2507134384","https://openalex.org/W2509893387","https://openalex.org/W2575006718","https://openalex.org/W2604433096","https://openalex.org/W2605350416","https://openalex.org/W2629213068","https://openalex.org/W2740920897","https://openalex.org/W2748058847","https://openalex.org/W2753845591","https://openalex.org/W2767724106","https://openalex.org/W2769473018","https://openalex.org/W2769668994","https://openalex.org/W2783272285","https://openalex.org/W2783944588","https://openalex.org/W2785875001","https://openalex.org/W2788728386","https://openalex.org/W2801622737","https://openalex.org/W2801992635","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2892888989","https://openalex.org/W2897955056","https://openalex.org/W2905472553","https://openalex.org/W2950975304","https://openalex.org/W2952613481","https://openalex.org/W2955106599","https://openalex.org/W2963061618","https://openalex.org/W2963367478","https://openalex.org/W2964044287","https://openalex.org/W2964316331","https://openalex.org/W2972548050","https://openalex.org/W2984589663","https://openalex.org/W2991380435","https://openalex.org/W2998534896","https://openalex.org/W3021683593","https://openalex.org/W3024683329","https://openalex.org/W3025013230","https://openalex.org/W3028135017","https://openalex.org/W3035404611","https://openalex.org/W3048742138","https://openalex.org/W3093531652","https://openalex.org/W3094127838","https://openalex.org/W3097679710","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101935024","https://openalex.org/W3102755086","https://openalex.org/W3103310105","https://openalex.org/W3104240813","https://openalex.org/W3106212003","https://openalex.org/W3122507327","https://openalex.org/W3124675547","https://openalex.org/W3133236490","https://openalex.org/W3153088333","https://openalex.org/W3153754021","https://openalex.org/W3164548985","https://openalex.org/W3168738558","https://openalex.org/W3170713142","https://openalex.org/W3198076800","https://openalex.org/W3208196633","https://openalex.org/W4250893105","https://openalex.org/W4293657793","https://openalex.org/W4299515571","https://openalex.org/W6600195515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772628444","https://openalex.org/W1484355083","https://openalex.org/W4220714703","https://openalex.org/W2098758514","https://openalex.org/W2735929803","https://openalex.org/W3008845055","https://openalex.org/W2170391450","https://openalex.org/W4376854386","https://openalex.org/W2508671622","https://openalex.org/W1497071005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"of":[1,13,78,120,127,136,186,209],"the":[2,10,23,60,79,128,156,162,177,200,205],"traditional":[3,129],"recommendation":[4,43,201],"algorithms":[5,131],"are":[6,132,181],"designed":[7],"based":[8,160],"on":[9,161,183],"fundamental":[11],"idea":[12],"mining":[14],"or":[15],"learning":[16,30,173],"correlative":[17,25,29],"patterns":[18],"from":[19],"data":[20,81],"to":[21,33,75,89],"estimate":[22,155],"user-item":[24,157,178],"preference.":[26],"However,":[27],"pure":[28],"may":[31,62],"lead":[32],"Simpson's":[34,45,206],"paradox":[35,46,61,207],"in":[36,41,55,64,109],"predictions,":[37],"and":[38,58,69,85,112,122,189,203],"thus":[39],"results":[40,193],"sacrificed":[42],"performance.":[44],"is":[47],"a":[48,103,116,145,169],"well-known":[49],"statistical":[50,56],"phenomenon,":[51],"which":[52],"causes":[53],"confusions":[54],"conclusions":[57],"ignoring":[59],"result":[63],"inaccurate":[65],"decisions.":[66],"Fortunately,":[67],"causal":[68,118,140,158],"counterfactual":[70,171],"modeling":[71,84,107],"can":[72,154,198],"help":[73],"us":[74],"think":[76],"outside":[77],"observational":[80,163],"for":[82,106,149,175],"user":[83],"personalization":[86],"so":[87,151],"as":[88],"tackle":[90],"such":[91],"issues.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"paper,":[95],"we":[96,153,166],"propose":[97,144,168],"Causal":[98],"Collaborative":[99],"Filtering":[100],"(CCF)":[101],"---":[102],"general":[104,170],"framework":[105,174,197],"causality":[108],"collaborative":[110],"filtering":[111],"recommendation.":[113],"We":[114,142],"provide":[115],"unified":[117],"view":[119],"CF":[121,130,211],"mathematically":[123],"show":[124,194],"that":[125,152,195],"many":[126,210],"actually":[133],"special":[134],"cases":[135],"CCF":[137],"under":[138],"simplified":[139],"graphs.":[141],"then":[143],"conditional":[146],"intervention":[147],"approach":[148],"do-operations":[150],"preference":[159],"data.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"further":[167],"constrained":[172],"estimating":[176],"preferences.":[179],"Experiments":[180],"conducted":[182],"two":[184],"types":[185],"real-world":[187],"datasets---traditional":[188],"randomized":[190],"trial":[191],"data---and":[192],"our":[196],"improve":[199],"performance":[202],"reduce":[204],"problem":[208],"algorithms.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}