{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385688709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605115","title":"A is for Adele: An Offline Evaluation Metric for Instant Search","display_name":"A is for Adele: An Offline Evaluation Metric for Instant Search","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385688709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3578337.3605115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049487742","display_name":"Negar Arabzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-7089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Negar Arabzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-7089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092794053","display_name":"Oleksandra Kmet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3810-8510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleksandra Kmet","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3810-8510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078123101","display_name":"Ben Carterette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-047X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Carterette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spotify Research, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-047X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spotify Research, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037737168","display_name":"Charles L. A. Clarke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles L.A. Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-9194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084915697","display_name":"Claudia Hauff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-6470"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Hauff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spotify Research, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-6470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spotify Research, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020257829","display_name":"Praveen Chandar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2199-2631"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Chandar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spotify Research, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2199-2631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spotify Research, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instant","display_name":"Instant","score":0.9072524309158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7837916612625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6372107267379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instant-messaging","display_name":"Instant messaging","score":0.5586950182914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.5173851251602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.510877788066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4437969923019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-problem","display_name":"Search problem","score":0.4304288327693939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incremental-heuristic-search","display_name":"Incremental heuristic search","score":0.4125257730484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"Beam search","score":0.3677562177181244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.3524947166442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.28817301988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15224307775497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07347410917282104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779432360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963779","display_name":"Instant","level":2,"score":0.9072524309158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7837916612625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6372107267379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985487447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58199","display_name":"Instant messaging","level":2,"score":0.5586950182914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.5173851251602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.510877788066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4437969923019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201789804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2362762","display_name":"Search problem","level":2,"score":0.4304288327693939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139979381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056021","display_name":"Incremental heuristic search","level":4,"score":0.4125257730484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.3677562177181244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3524947166442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28817301988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15224307775497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07347410917282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3578337.3605115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578337.3605115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968927634","https://openalex.org/W1999444901","https://openalex.org/W2026430213","https://openalex.org/W2031858317","https://openalex.org/W2059120814","https://openalex.org/W2060575618","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2076185289","https://openalex.org/W2080033937","https://openalex.org/W2093245971","https://openalex.org/W2113640060","https://openalex.org/W2120007278","https://openalex.org/W2129075251","https://openalex.org/W2130076000","https://openalex.org/W2139873966","https://openalex.org/W2168717408","https://openalex.org/W2530894448","https://openalex.org/W2584969977","https://openalex.org/W2624553223","https://openalex.org/W2798863366","https://openalex.org/W2950408634","https://openalex.org/W2962952048","https://openalex.org/W2963116831","https://openalex.org/W3034645139","https://openalex.org/W3107263048","https://openalex.org/W3117895913","https://openalex.org/W3153871232","https://openalex.org/W3157974261","https://openalex.org/W3166219725","https://openalex.org/W3183835286","https://openalex.org/W3193746305","https://openalex.org/W3196754070","https://openalex.org/W4229855683","https://openalex.org/W4284713556","https://openalex.org/W4321485561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064794194","https://openalex.org/W2808808802","https://openalex.org/W4386269615","https://openalex.org/W2358427436","https://openalex.org/W4200104947","https://openalex.org/W1994919150","https://openalex.org/W2397806795","https://openalex.org/W4390091683","https://openalex.org/W2998661990","https://openalex.org/W3192236608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Instant":[0],"search":[1,7,11,14,25,43,63,88,97,109,112,131],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4],"the":[5,23,36,53,120,129,135,150,158],"dominant":[6],"paradigm":[8,132],"in":[9,27],"entity-focused":[10],"applications,":[12],"including":[13],"on":[15,149],"Apple":[16],"Music,":[17],"Kayak,":[18],"LinkedIn,":[19],"and":[20,34,69,86,110,179],"Spotify.":[21],"Unlike":[22],"traditional":[24,96,108,130],"paradigm,":[26],"which":[28],"users":[29],"fully":[30,67],"issue":[31],"their":[32],"query":[33],"then":[35,118],"system":[37],"performs":[38],"a":[39,45,72,143],"retrieval":[40],"round,":[41],"instant":[42,57,62,84,87,111,138,154,172],"delivers":[44],"new":[46,144],"result":[47],"page":[48],"with":[49,95],"every":[50],"keystroke.":[51],"Despite":[52],"increasing":[54],"prevalence":[55],"of":[56,122,137,153,160],"search,":[58,85],"evaluation":[59,78,93,115,125,146],"methodologies":[60],"for":[61,128],"have":[64,75],"not":[65],"been":[66],"developed":[68],"validated.":[70],"As":[71],"result,":[73],"we":[74,102,141,163],"no":[76],"established":[77],"metrics":[79,94,126],"to":[80,83,133],"measure":[81],"improvements":[82],"systems":[89],"still":[90],"share":[91],"offline":[92,124,145],"systems.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100],"work,":[101],"first":[103],"highlight":[104],"critical":[105],"differences":[106],"between":[107],"from":[113],"an":[114],"perspective.":[116],"We":[117],"consider":[119],"difficulties":[121],"employing":[123,171],"designed":[127],"assess":[134],"effectiveness":[136],"search.":[139,155],"Finally,":[140],"propose":[142],"metric":[147],"based":[148],"unique":[151],"characteristics":[152],"To":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"utility":[159],"our":[161],"metric,":[162],"conduct":[164],"experiments":[165],"across":[166],"two":[167],"very":[168],"different":[169],"platforms":[170],"search:":[173],"A":[174],"commercial":[175],"audio":[176],"streaming":[177],"platform":[178],"Wikipedia.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}