{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316813742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577200","title":"High-Level Approaches to Hardware Security: A Tutorial","display_name":"High-Level Approaches to Hardware Security: A Tutorial","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316813742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3577200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577200","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577200","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053148078","display_name":"Hammond Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-7004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hammond Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-7004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059648257","display_name":"Ramesh Karri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Karri","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-5617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069388936","display_name":"Benjamin Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-3638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-3638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7577,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89193825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8385907411575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.6226939558982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.6137539148330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5954270362854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5538074374198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.5489016175270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.524236261844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.5149993896484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5018868446350098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3660469353199005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2126387357711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.17157891392707825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8385907411575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.6226939558982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.6137539148330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5954270362854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5538074374198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5489016175270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.524236261844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.5149993896484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5018868446350098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3660469353199005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2126387357711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.17157891392707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3577200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577200","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3577200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577200","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6990806674","display_name":"Collaborative Research: EAGER: SaTC-EDU: Dynamic Adaptive Machine Learning for Teaching Hardware Security (DYNAMITES)","funder_award_id":"2039607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316813742.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316813742.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90816334","https://openalex.org/W92803968","https://openalex.org/W572872720","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1548096828","https://openalex.org/W1627230931","https://openalex.org/W1993408401","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2053303358","https://openalex.org/W2062190097","https://openalex.org/W2095410905","https://openalex.org/W2108361034","https://openalex.org/W2133527541","https://openalex.org/W2135211381","https://openalex.org/W2141624968","https://openalex.org/W2142537526","https://openalex.org/W2143180464","https://openalex.org/W2149209089","https://openalex.org/W2156692142","https://openalex.org/W2464661970","https://openalex.org/W2537675134","https://openalex.org/W2550198774","https://openalex.org/W2615010670","https://openalex.org/W2616454726","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2791567389","https://openalex.org/W2898907321","https://openalex.org/W2909895117","https://openalex.org/W2910438749","https://openalex.org/W2936148765","https://openalex.org/W2939057911","https://openalex.org/W2943110796","https://openalex.org/W2944122409","https://openalex.org/W2946105399","https://openalex.org/W2946592689","https://openalex.org/W2951325841","https://openalex.org/W2972308582","https://openalex.org/W2973280956","https://openalex.org/W2977663466","https://openalex.org/W2981041890","https://openalex.org/W3001648869","https://openalex.org/W3006171966","https://openalex.org/W3028368031","https://openalex.org/W3092370864","https://openalex.org/W3108642877","https://openalex.org/W3162915675","https://openalex.org/W3163316191","https://openalex.org/W3176852059","https://openalex.org/W3182286741","https://openalex.org/W3207940480","https://openalex.org/W4205540825","https://openalex.org/W4206557440","https://openalex.org/W4213073217","https://openalex.org/W4214651231","https://openalex.org/W4231486519","https://openalex.org/W4238341678","https://openalex.org/W4239262749","https://openalex.org/W4245276998","https://openalex.org/W4253215698","https://openalex.org/W4280495251","https://openalex.org/W4283695739","https://openalex.org/W4285676419","https://openalex.org/W4289038676","https://openalex.org/W4298558181","https://openalex.org/W4301409763","https://openalex.org/W4308044747","https://openalex.org/W4312405077","https://openalex.org/W4312748612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902086429","https://openalex.org/W3036190363","https://openalex.org/W2612718941","https://openalex.org/W2083537062","https://openalex.org/W3197298723","https://openalex.org/W4286990720","https://openalex.org/W2923499815","https://openalex.org/W3088996813","https://openalex.org/W4297097517","https://openalex.org/W4376473180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Designers":[0],"use":[1],"third-party":[2],"intellectual":[3],"property":[4],"(IP)":[5],"cores":[6],"and":[7,17,33,56],"outsource":[8],"various":[9],"steps":[10],"in":[11,40,78,87,146],"the":[12,54,58,97,116],"integrated":[13],"circuit":[14],"(IC)":[15],"design":[16,82],"manufacturing":[18],"flow.":[19],"As":[20],"a":[21,66,79,113,125],"result,":[22],"security":[23,88,101,108],"vulnerabilities":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"rising.":[27],"This":[28,90],"is":[29,112,124,136],"forcing":[30],"IC":[31,55],"designers":[32],"end":[34],"users":[35],"to":[36,96],"re-evaluate":[37],"their":[38],"trust":[39],"ICs.":[41],"If":[42],"attackers":[43,62],"get":[44,63],"hold":[45,64],"of":[46,65,76,99,106,115,127,130],"an":[47,94],"unprotected":[48],"IC,":[49],"they":[50,68],"can":[51,69,84],"reverse":[52],"engineer":[53],"pirate":[57],"IP.":[59],"Similarly,":[60],"if":[61],"design,":[67],"insert":[70],"malicious":[71],"circuits":[72],"or":[73],"take":[74],"advantage":[75],"\u201cbackdoors\u201d":[77],"design.":[80],"Unintended":[81],"bugs":[83],"also":[85],"result":[86],"weaknesses.":[89],"tutorial":[91,134],"paper":[92],"provides":[93],"introduction":[95],"domain":[98],"hardware":[100,107],"through":[102],"two":[103],"pedagogical":[104],"examples":[105],"problems.":[109],"The":[110,122,133],"first":[111],"walk-through":[114,126],"scan":[117],"chain-based":[118],"side":[119],"channel":[120],"attack.":[121],"second":[123],"logic":[128],"locking":[129],"digital":[131,141],"designs.":[132],"material":[135],"accompanied":[137],"by":[138],"open":[139],"access":[140],"resources":[142],"that":[143],"are":[144],"linked":[145],"this":[147],"article.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
